What's the difference between diphtheria and toxin?
Diphtheria
Definition:
(n.) A very dangerous contagious disease in which the air passages, and especially the throat, become coated with a false membrane, produced by the solidification of an inflammatory exudation. Cf. Group.
Example Sentences:
(1) The receptor-mediated internalization and degradation of radiolabeled diphtheria toxin by cultured monkey kidney cells was studied.
(2) Efforts made to measure the successful immunologic conquest of diphtheria are compared and contrasted with efforts being made to conquer diseases of allergic origin.
(3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were developed to detect IgG antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis in a healthy New Zealand population.
(4) A group of alcoholics constituted the reservoir of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
(5) The ultrastructural features of demyelination in viral leukoencephalomyelitis of goats were compared with those described for demyelination that occurs in multiple sclerosis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, canine distemper encephalomyelitis, and that produced by diphtheria toxin.
(6) This unique physiological situation was created by crossing IGF-I Tg mice to GH-deficient, dwarf mice in whom somatotrophs were genetically ablated by the expression of a diphtheria toxin transgene in the somatotrophs.
(7) Data are presented to show that the adoption of such methods would increase the information available from each animal and so reduce the number of animals required for the satisfactory standardization of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines.
(8) Since the importation of toxin-producing diphtheria bacteria is unavoidable and may occur at all times, universal active immunisation in childhood, as well as timely revaccination of adolescents and adults, are mandatory prophylactic measures to prevent new epidemics.
(9) In this paper we describe a new assay for diphtheria toxin in bacterial cultures, based on a sandwich-dot immunobinding method.
(10) A sample of 643 healthy subjects from central Italy aged 20 to 80, were screened for diphtheria antitoxin.
(11) Diphtheria toxoid, which is an important vaccine in the expanded program of immunization (EPI) in the developing countries, was microencapsulated using poly(D,L,-lactide) of 49,000 molecular weight and the in-water drying technique.
(12) A cohort of close to 70 children born in 1967-68 was followed for estimations of serum antitoxin levels against diphtheria.
(13) The chimeric protein consists of the V alpha region of the T-cell receptor of a diphtheria toxoid-specific human T-cell clone fused to a human immunoglobulin kappa light chain constant (C) region.
(14) An account is given of two separate outbreaks of diphtheria amongst mentally subnormal patients and nursing staff.
(15) It was concluded that the diphtheria toxoids in the two doses of 2 Lf and 6.25 Lf did not induce a satisfactory immune response.
(16) Healthy 17- to 24-month-old children, previously immunized with three doses of whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine, were enrolled in a multi-center double-blind, randomized study comparing a DTP vaccine with an acellular pertussis-component (APDT) and a conventional whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccine.
(17) Not one of the 12 patients had been satisfactorily immunized by active inoculation with diphtheria toxoid.
(18) In consideration of new findings about the serum antibody level to diphtheria toxin in the population of the GDR the speciality in this case is described.
(19) Two prospective clinical trials of Hib polyribosyl ribitol phosphate conjugated with diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) were identified.
(20) We studied the effect of carnitine supplementation in patients with diphtheria.
Toxin
Definition:
(n.) Alt. of Toxine
Example Sentences:
(1) Nutritional factors or environmental toxins have important effects on CNS degenerative changes.
(2) Arteries treated with atrial natriuretic peptide showed no alterations in relaxation or cGMP content after incubation with pertussis toxin.
(3) The mechanism by which pertussis toxin (PT) breaks the unresponsiveness of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was examined in B10 mice.
(4) Cloned genes encoding pertussis toxin from B. pertussis were transferred into Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis by conjugation.
(5) Strains 1120-A-83-013 and B205BT produced considerably higher levels of dermonecrotic toxin activity than did strains CSU-P-1 and 64-C-0406.
(6) The phosphorylation pattern was affected by the addition of cholera toxin or GDP beta S to the isolated nuclei.
(7) Histopathological studies confirmed that mice fed 933cu-rev died from bilateral renal cortical tubular necrosis consistent with toxic insult, perhaps due to Shiga-like toxins.
(8) Cholera toxin-catalysed ADP-ribosylation identified two forms of Gs alpha-subunits whose labelling was about 4-fold greater in membranes from diabetic animals compared with those from lean animals.
(9) The slope of the thermal inactivation curve of enterotoxin A in beef bouillon (initial pH 6.2) was found to be approximately 27.8 C (50 F) with three different concentrations of toxin.
(10) The antibodies were used for identifying cross-reacting proteins in individual C. s. scutulatus and other Crotalus venoms and to isolate Mojave toxin.
(11) Antisera were raised against intact crotoxin (Crotalus durissus terrificus), Mojave toxin (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) and concolor toxin (Crotalus viridis concolor), as well as the subunits of crotoxin.
(12) Interestingly, different mechanisms of nucleated and non-nucleated TC directed lysis by CD4+ effectors were implied by distinct patterns of sensitivity to cholera toxin (CT) and cyclosporin A (CsA).
(13) The second step occurs several hours later and consists of the transactivation of adenylate cyclase and pertussis toxin genes.
(14) The toxins preferentially attenuate a slow phase of KCl-evoked glutamate release which may be associated with synaptic vesicle mobilization.
(15) Bordetella pertussis and Bacillus anthracis, two taxonomically distinct bacteria, secrete adenylate cyclase toxins that are activated by the eukaryotic protein calmodulin.
(16) Approximately a third of patients had stools that were positive for C difficile by either toxin or culture.
(17) The binding of radioidinated cholera toxin on its solidified antibody was inhibitable by unlabeled cholera toxin and cholera toxin antibody.
(18) To facilitate detoxification, the centrifuge is employed to provide plasma rich in toxins, but void of potentially interfering blood components such as platelets and whole blood cells.
(19) The toxins all create pores in the cell membrane of target cells leading to eventual cell lysis and they appear to require Ca2+ for cytotoxic activity.
(20) A state of net secretory fluid flux was induced in isolated jejunal loops in weanling pigs by adding theophylline or cholera toxin to the lumen of the isolated loops.