(n.) A coalition or union of two vowel sounds pronounced in one syllable; as, ou in out, oi in noise; -- called a proper diphthong.
(n.) A vowel digraph; a union of two vowels in the same syllable, only one of them being sounded; as, ai in rain, eo in people; -- called an improper diphthong.
(v. t.) To form or pronounce as a diphthong; diphthongize.
Example Sentences:
(1) The clustering in the present song, however, may also be due to a tendency for a mid vowel to be realized as a higher-beginning diphthong, which is characteristic of the North-Estonian coastal dialect area where the singers come from.
(2) Those confusions occurring in visual diphthong recognition tended to shift toward the stressed vowel element of the diphthong or to a vowel produced in a manner similar to the stressed element.
(3) This paper describes a successful experiment of creating several different diphthongs by judicious choice of the phase angles of a flat-spectrum waveform.
(4) Pronunciation of the diphthong La... La... La... causes upward and forward projection of the prosthesis.
(5) The effects of reverberation on the perception of vowels and diphthongs were evaluated using 10 subjects with moderate sensorineural hearing losses.
(6) The effects of noise and reverberation on the identification of monophthongs and diphthongs were evaluated for ten subjects with moderate sensorineural hearing losses.
(7) Electromyography records contraction of the mylo-hyoid during pronunciation of these diphthongs.
(8) In addition, a feature related to overall area of maximum lip opening and two features unique to diphthong perception were tentatively identified.
(9) This study investigated vowel and diphthong lipreading performance from 0 degree and 90 degree angles of observation.
(10) It appears that modifications in relative timing may be due to adjustments in the jaw cycle as a result of the compound nature of jaw movement for diphthongs as compared to vowels, with further modifications due to the effect of stress on these compound movements.
(11) Four vowels, [i], [a], [e], [u], and one diphthong [ou], produced by two male and two female tracheoesophageal speakers were analyzed by the LPC autocorrelation method.
(12) Six- to seven-month-old infants were tested on their ability to discriminate among three speech sounds which differed on the basis of formant-transition duration, a major cue to distinctions among stop, semivowel and diphthong classes.
(13) Additionally, issues related to talker normalization, coarticulation effects, segmentation, pitch, transposition, and diphthongization are discussed.
(14) For the diphthongs in both noise and reverberation, there was a tendency to judge a diphthong as the beginning monophthong.
(15) These models deal primarily with the problem of "target undershoot" associated with the coarticulation of vowels with consonants in natural speech and with the issue of "vowel-inherent spectral change" or diphthongization of English vowels.
(16) Although vowel confusions occurred in both test conditions, the number of vowels and diphthongs affected and the total number of errors made were significantly greater under the reverberant condition.
(17) Finally, the role of vowel-inherent dynamic properties, including duration and diphthongization, is briefly reviewed.
(18) The diphthong stimuli were significantly easier to identify than the vowel stimuli at both angles of observation.
Ligature
Definition:
(n.) The act of binding.
(n.) Anything that binds; a band or bandage.
(n.) A thread or string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, to prevent hemorrhage.
(n.) A thread or wire used to remove tumors, etc.
(n.) The state of being bound or stiffened; stiffness; as, the ligature of a joint.
(n.) Impotence caused by magic or charms.
(n.) A curve or line connecting notes; a slur.
(n.) A double character, or a type consisting of two or more letters or characters united, as ae, /, /.
(v. t.) To ligate; to tie.
Example Sentences:
(1) This proved that all four fistulas were acquired and that they were probably caused by the catgut ligatures used for ampullary ligation.
(2) With CCK specific antisera (directed to the N-terminal portion of CCK-8 or the midportion of CCK-33) accumulation of peptide-like immunoreactivity (LI) was observed in large, dilated axonal swellings proximal to, but at some distance from, the ligature.
(3) The CF from beagle dogs was collected from gingivitis and active periodontitis (ligature-induced) sites.
(4) After performing the ligature the animals were administered 3H-thymidine, 3H-proline or 35S-sulphate at different times.
(5) A local resection of the liver was performed and the intrahepatic bile duct fistula closed by a ligature.
(6) For correction of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the azygos vein with this technique, ligature of the azygos vein must be placed distally to the site of anomalous drainage.
(7) 1 A method for stimulating the lumbar sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord of the rat is described which does not require artificial respiration of the animal.2 In some, but not all experiments continuous stimulation at 2 Hz or intermittently at 10 Hz accelerated the rate at which noradrenaline and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase accumulated central to a ligature on the sciatic nerve by approximately 40%.3 It is concluded that, although nervous activity is not necessary for axonal transport of transmitter granules in sympathetic neurones, intense nervous activity may accelerate the rate of granule transport.
(8) Retrograde transport was examined by allowing orthogradely transported materials to reverse at the regenerating region and then to accumulate at a ligature during a second incubation period.
(9) In the ligature strangulation, the reactions of histamine exclusively demonstrated in the Weibel-Palade bodies of the splenic central arterial endothelial cells.
(10) The authors have gained minimum blood losses when suturing with provisional catgut ligature through the urinary bladder bottom between interureteral fold and internal urethral orifice yet before dessection of adenoma surgical capsule and tumor enucleation.
(11) A larger group who underwent abdominal hysterectomy allowed comparison between MFC on the bladder muscularis and conventional suture ligature in terms of blood loss, operating time success of method used, and complications.
(12) These results suggest that the increased responsiveness to norepinephrine of arteries proximal to the ligature is due to changes in muscle mass and that the increased responsiveness of the veins is due to increased sensitivity to norepinephrine.
(13) The preoperatory treatment is associated: blocking of adrenergic alpha-receptors and beta-receptors; correction of hypovolemia, also applied during the surgical phase I (until the venous ligature is made and the tumor excised) under continuous monitoring (ECG, ABP and central venous pressure).
(14) Venous ligature was performed in five with good effect in two.
(15) Electron-optic investigation revealed mitochondrial alterations 30 minutes after ligature of the pulmonary veins and 2 hours after that of the pulmonary arteries.
(16) After rhizotomia (Dandys method) 3 patients died, one of them because of a meningitis, one of them because of damage of the superior petrosal vein and one after ligature of an irregular auditive artery.
(17) According to maturity stage of the newborn and to the time period between removal of the cervical ligature and delivery we judged the effectiveness and the necessity of Shirodkar operation in the different patient groups.
(18) Six monkeys had significant drops in alveolar bone mass 14 days after the the application of a silk ligature around the gingival margin of an adjacent tooth.
(19) The authors studied the development of collateral circulation between the thoracic duct and the azygous vein system, in 30 adult dogs, after thoracic duct ligature.
(20) Ligature of the rat bile duct induces a large and selective increase of the IgA level in serum.