(n.) Want of order or regular disposition; lack of arrangement; confusion; disarray; as, the troops were thrown into disorder; the papers are in disorder.
(n.) Neglect of order or system; irregularity.
(n.) Breach of public order; disturbance of the peace of society; tumult.
(n.) Disturbance of the functions of the animal economy of the soul; sickness; derangement.
(v. t.) To disturb the order of; to derange or disarrange; to throw into confusion; to confuse.
(v. t.) To disturb or interrupt the regular and natural functions of (either body or mind); to produce sickness or indisposition in; to discompose; to derange; as, to disorder the head or stomach.
(v. t.) To depose from holy orders.
Example Sentences:
(1) The findings are more consistent with those in studies of panic disorder.
(2) This selective review emphasizes advances in neurochemistry which provide a context for current and future research on neurological and psychiatric disorders encountered in clinical practice.
(3) Hypothyroidism complicated by spontaneous hyperthyroidism is an interesting but rare occurrence in the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid disorders.
(4) Diseases of the gastric musculature, including the inflammatory and endocrine myopathies, muscular dystrophies, and infiltrative disorders, can result in significant gastroparesis.
(5) The serum concentration of hyaluronan (HYA) was determined in 59 patients with various myeloproliferative disorders, including 33 patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis.
(6) The obvious need for highly effective contraception in women with existing disorders of glucose metabolism has led to a search for oral contraceptive (OC) regimens for such women that are efficient but without unacceptable metabolic side effects.
(7) Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are frequently accompanied by deteriorated renal functions and by pathological lesions in the glomeruli.
(8) Periodontal diseases are a collection of disorders that may affect patients throughout life.
(9) The study examined the sustained effects of methylphenidate on reading performance in a sample of 42 boys, aged 8 to 11, with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
(10) For assessment of clinical status, investigators must rely on the use of standardized instruments for patient self-reporting of fatigue, mood disturbance, functional status, sleep disorder, global well-being, and pain.
(11) Family therapists have attempted to convert the acting-out behavioral disorders into an effective state, i.e., make the family aware of their feelings of deprivation by focusing on the aggressive component.
(12) Our findings indicate that Turner girls have a functional brain disorder more often than the controls, particularly at the occipital and parietal areas and in those with hemispheric differences most often in the right hemisphere.
(13) Infusion of sodium lactate associated with isoproterenol could be used to combat the depressent effects of betablockers in patients with cardiac disorders.
(14) The review provides an update of drug-induced pulmonary disorders, focusing on newer agents whose effects on the lung have been studied recently.
(15) Hypercalcitoninemia was the most pronounced in patients with cardiac rhythm disorders and a simultaneous reduction in total serum calcium.
(16) Damage to this innervation is often initiated by childbirth, but appears to progress during a period of many years so that the functional disorder usually presents in middle life.
(17) We present a 40-year-old woman with manifestations of all three disorders.
(18) Osteogenesis imperfecta is the common term for a heterogeneous group of heritable disorders of connective tissue with lethal and nonlethal forms.
(19) What constitutes a "mental disorder" for purposes of the insanity defense?
(20) A 68 year-old man with a history of right thalamic hemorrhage demonstrated radiologically in the pulvinar and posterior portion of the dorsomedian nucleus developed a clinical picture of severe physical sequelae associated with major affective, behavioral and psychic disorders.
Entropy
Definition:
(n.) A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h / t. The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function.
Example Sentences:
(1) This formalism allows resolution of the intrinsic protein folding-unfolding parameters (enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity changes) as well as the ligand interaction parameters (binding stoichiometry, enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity changes).
(2) Dictated by underlying physicochemical constraints, deceived at times by the lulling tones of the siren entropy, and constantly vulnerable to the vagaries of other more pervasive forms of biological networking and information transfer encoded in the genes of virus and invading microorganisms, protein biorecognition in higher life forms, and particularly in mammals, represents the finely tuned molecular avenues for the genome to transfer its information to the next generation.
(3) The Skilling maximum entropy method (MEM) algorithm is applied to in vivo spectra and provides an estimate of the spectrum that is operator-independent, although at the expense of some negative bias.
(4) The changes in E degrees' and the standard entropy (delta S degrees') and enthalpy (delta H degrees') of reduction in the mutant proteins were determined relative to values for wild type; the change in E degrees' at 25 degrees C was about -200 millivolts for the Glu and Asp mutants, and about -80 millivolts for the Asn mutant.
(5) It is shown that the invariant integral, viz., the Kolmogorov second entropy, is eminently suited to characterize EEG quantitatively.
(6) The thermodynamic quantities of change in free energy (delta G degree'), change in enthalpy (delta H degree') and change in entropy (delta S degree') were determined for the interaction of norepinephrine with the alpha-1 adrenoceptor of vascular smooth muscle.
(7) This paper is concerned with the connection between two classes of population variables: measures of population growth rate--the Malthusian parameter, the net reproduction rate, the gross reproduction rate, and the mean life expectancy; and measures of demographic heterogeneity--population entropy.
(8) Recent studies from this laboratory reveal distinct differences in the thermodynamic binding mechanisms between m-AMSA and o-AMSA (Wadkins & Graves, 1989), with the m-AMSA-DNA interaction being an enthalpy-driven process while the binding of o-AMSA to DNA is characterized by more positive entropy values.
(9) Such replacements are presumed to restrict the degrees of freedom of the unfolded protein and so decrease the entropy of unfolding [B. W. Matthews, H. Nicholson, and W. J. Becktel (1987) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA Vol.
(10) The overall enthalpy change is negative and the overall entropy change is positive for the simultaneous binding of AMP-PNP and L-glutamate or of AMP-PNP and L-Met-(S)-sulfoximine to the enzyme.
(11) The part of entropy depending on the number of elements of the system (cells, individuals, etc.)
(12) 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of free calmodulin; the latter is even more entropy driven (delta H0 = 7.2 kJ X site-1; delta S0 = 158 J X K-1 X site-1) than binding to free calmodulin (delta H0 = 4.7 kJ X site-1; delta S0 = 112 J X K-1 X site-1), thus underlining the importance of hydrophobic forces in the free energy coupling involved in the ternary complex.
(13) Thus, Ca2+ binding to the Ca2+-Mg2+ sites is driven by both enthalpy and entropy and the lower Ca2+ affinity for sites 3 and 4 is reflected in the lower entropy of Ca2+-binding.
(14) This paper presents a unified account of the properties of the measures, Malthusian parameter and entropy in predicting evolutionary change in populations of macromolecules, cells and individuals.
(15) The model stresses that solutes do not act at a single site, but on both states in an equilibrium, and that the perturbation is determined by the difference in entropy.
(16) The "entropy potential" of the membrane may have its molecular origin in the excitation of the hydrocarbon chains to a more disordered configuration and may play a more important role in membrane partition equilibria than the classical hydrophobic effect.
(17) The entropy of activation of kcat for the human enzyme was further decomposed into partially compensating electrostatic(es) (delta S*es = +15.1 cal mol-1 K-1) and nonelectrostatic(nes) (delta S*nes = -19.1 cal mol-1 K-1) terms.
(18) Basic free energy level differences are related to the first-order rate constants for transitions between states while gross free energy differences, along with the corresponding fluxes, determine the rate of entropy production in the system.
(19) Their high-affinity binding component was entropy driven at 2 degrees C and became enthalpy driven when the incubation temperature was increased.
(20) As far as information in nervous systems is connected with an element of energy normalization that is much greater than the scales of molecular energy of single atoms, physical and information self-organization can simultaneously either correlate or be sufficiently independent, because entropy corresponds to statically unstable point, with its output being natural in different ways.