(a.) Having two units of combining power; bivalent. Cf. Valence.
Example Sentences:
(1) Binding is inhibited by divalent and trivalent cations (Cd2+ and La3+ being most potent) and other calcium channel drugs (1,4 dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines).
(2) Although GTP most potently inhibited [125I]beta h-endorphin binding in the presence of sodium, inhibition of [125I]beta h-endorphin binding by GTP was also observed in the presence of the monovalent cations lithium and potassium, but not the divalent cations magnesium, calcium, or manganese.
(3) When the concentration of Ca2+ in the medium was raised to 10 mM was the only extracellular divalent cation present, the depolarization in response to A23187 was increased to 11-8 mV.
(4) Protons and divalent cations show synergistic effects on the destabilization of liposomes composed of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine and oleic acid (Düzgünes et al., Biochemistry (1985) 24, 3091).
(5) The enzyme is active over a wide range of pH, does not require divalent cations, and is inhibited by sulfhydryl-reactive agents.
(6) In order to determine the specific action of cadmium on bone metabolism, the effect of cadmium on alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme of osteoblasts, was compared with that of other divalent heavy metal ions, i.e., zinc, manganese, lead, copper, nickel and mercury (10 microM each), using cloned osteoblast-like cells, MC3T3-E1.
(7) The sensitivity to ionic strength, divalent metal ions and polylysine of release of fluorescent markers from liposomes and of haemoglobin from intact erythrocytes has been assayed.
(8) The enzyme is quite thermoresistant in the presence of other proteins, has an optimal temperature of 60 degrees, needs monovalent cations for optimal activity, is insensitive to EDTA, and is inhibited by divalent cations; it has no associated exonuclease activity.
(9) preference of template primer and divalent metal ion, RNA- or DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, RNase H activity, and the processive mode of DNA synthesis.
(10) It can be dissociated from the spores using divalent metal chelators and will reassemble on the spores in the presence of calcium.
(11) The presence of Ca2+ in silica gel is responsible for this improved yield of prostaglandin as the divalent metal ion stabilized prostaglandin synthetase activity in a remarkable way.
(12) In view of the above findings, it was hypothesized that polyamines in general took the place of divalent cations in causing membrane stabilization.
(13) The effects of monovalent and divalent cations on the hemolytic activity of Cerebratulus lacteus toxin A-III were studied.
(14) Other divalent metal ions displace Mn2+ from the high affinity sites in the following order of effectiveness: Ca greater than Mg = Zn = Co greater than Sr greater than Ni.
(15) Parameters observed were divalent association rate constants, affinity and autoradiography of isoelectric focusing (IEF) spectra.
(16) At low concentrations, the current-voltage relations are inwardly rectifying, but they become more ohmic if a small amount of divalent cations is added externally.
(17) Divalent cations (2 mM-Ni2+, 1 mM-Ba2+ or 2 mM-Ca2+) reduced only the outward current in the Tris Na(+)-free solution, while in the 150 mM-Na+ solution, they reduced both the inward and outward components of the current which had a reversal potential of around -10 mV.
(18) Cs (IC50 = 5-6 mM) prevented toxin binding, as did the divalent cations Ba and Ca (IC50 = 4-6 and 9-13 mM, respectively).
(19) Similar results were obtained in studies with the intact divalent radiolabelled Leu3a antibody.
(20) After renaturation of polypeptides, the gel was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP and divalent cations.
Propylidene
Definition:
(n.) See Propidene.
Example Sentences:
(1) Methods have been reviewed for alkylating agents, platinum compounds, antitumour antibiotics, antimetabolites, alkaloids, suramin, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate and tamoxifen.
(2) Using a specific HPLC assay, we have determined the 24-h excretion of HP and LP crosslinks in normal adults of both sexes, in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in patients with Paget's disease of bone before and after intravenous treatment with amino-propylidene bisphosphonate (APB).
(3) Evaluation of these analogues for binding to muscarinic and dopamine binding sites in comparison with clozapine and other 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine analogues of clozapine shows that the dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptor affinities of both the 5-(2-propylidene)-5,11-dicarbo analogue and its corresponding distal-chloro derivative, 2-chloro-5-(2-propylidene)-10-(4-methylpiperazino)-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene, are retained.
(4) We selected 7,8-dihydroxychlorpromazine (DHCP) (IC50 = 8.3 microM) and 2-chloro-9-(3-[1-piperazinyl]propylidene)thioxanthene (N751) (IC50 = 14 microM) for further study because of their potency and distinct structural features.
(5) The presence of the 2-propylidene group at C-5 on the 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene moiety did not interfere greatly, as compared to clozapine, with the in vitro affinity of this 5,11-dicarbo analogue of clozapine for muscarinic and dopamine D-1 and D-2 binding sites in rat brain.
(6) The biosynthesis of the antitumor antibiotic sibiromycin by Streptosporangium sibiricum requires the construction of four units: the amino sugar from glucose; the anthranilate ring from DL-tryptophan probably via kynurenine; the aromatic methyl group from methionine; the propylidene proline from L-tyrosine with the loss of two aromatic carbons and addition of a C-1 from methionine.
(7) 131 patients with osteolytic metastases from breast cancer were randomised to receive long-term oral treatment with aminohydroxy-propylidene-bisphosphonate (APD), 300 mg daily (n = 70), or to act as controls (n = 61) in a multicentre trial.
(8) Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the following key elements were required for enhanced antiallergic activities: (1) a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group as the side chain at the 11-position, (2) a terminal carboxyl moiety at the 2-position, and (3) a dibenzoxepin ring system.
(10) Among the compounds synthesized, (Z)-11-[3-(dimethylamino)propylidene]-6,11-dihydrodibenz [b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid hydrochloride (16) was selected for further evaluation.
(11) Since osteoporotic fractures are mainly related to the diminution of the bone mineral density (BMD), the effect of pamidronate (3-amino-1-hydroxy-propylidene) 1,1-bisphosphonate on the BMD of the spine, proximal femur and radius shaft was evaluated in an initial cohort of 35 postmenopausal women with at least one vertebral fracture due to involutional osteoporosis.
(12) Piflutixol, 6-fluoro-9-[3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidino)propylidene]-2-trifluoromethyl-thioxanthene, has been shown to have pronounced neuroleptic properties.
(13) The ability of the new nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate disodium-1-hydroxy-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphona te (EB-1053) to inhibit osteoclastic resorption was examined in vitro and in vivo.
(14) Variable-temperature proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies have shown that 5-(2-propylidene)-10-(4-methylpiperazino)-5H-dibenzo[a,d] cycloheptene, a 5,11-dicarbo analogue of the atypical neuroleptic agent clozapine [8-chloro-11-(4-methylpiperazino)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine], exists as thermally stable configurational isomers.
(15) (Z)-11-[3-(Dimethylamino)propylidene]-2-(methoxycarbonyl)methyl-6, 11- dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-9-acrylic acid (5) was prepared for application to the radioimmunoassay of KW-4679 (1, (Z)-11-[3-(dimethylamino)propylidene]-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e ] oxepin-2-acetic acid hydrochloride).
(16) Based on the structure of this newly found intermediate, a biosynthetic pathway for propylproline is proposed as tyrosine-->L-3-hydroxytyrosine (Dopa)-->-->-->-->3-propylidene-delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid-->3-propyl-delta 2-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid-->propylproline.
(17) The effects of 3-amino-1-hydroxy-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (AHPrBP), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP), dichloromethylenebisphosphonate (Cl2MBP) and azacycloheptylidene-2,2-bisphosphonate (AHBP) on bone were examined in organ culture using newborn mice calvaria.
(18) Since the proximal nitrogen atom of the piperazine ring is redundant for biological activity, 5-(2-propylidene)-10-(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloh eptene and its 2-chloro derivative are excellent candidates for resolution into enantiomers as a means to separate antimuscarinic and antidopaminergic activity, respectively, associated with only a single stereoisomer.
(19) These series of compounds are 3-aryl-2-[1-ethoxycarbonyl-1-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H - pyrazol-4-yl)hydrazono-2-propylidene]hydrazino-4(3H)-quinazo linones; 3-aryl-2-[4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) hydrazono-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-4(3H)-quinaz olinones; 3-aryl-2-[4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo -3,5- dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-4(3H)-quinazolinones and 3-aryl-2-[4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) hydrazono-3,5-dioxo-pyrazolidin-2-yl]-4(3H)-quinazolinones.
(20) Amino-hydroxy-propylidene bisphosphonic acid (APD) is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption.