What's the difference between divalent and uranyl?
Divalent
Definition:
(a.) Having two units of combining power; bivalent. Cf. Valence.
Example Sentences:
(1) Binding is inhibited by divalent and trivalent cations (Cd2+ and La3+ being most potent) and other calcium channel drugs (1,4 dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines).
(2) Although GTP most potently inhibited [125I]beta h-endorphin binding in the presence of sodium, inhibition of [125I]beta h-endorphin binding by GTP was also observed in the presence of the monovalent cations lithium and potassium, but not the divalent cations magnesium, calcium, or manganese.
(3) When the concentration of Ca2+ in the medium was raised to 10 mM was the only extracellular divalent cation present, the depolarization in response to A23187 was increased to 11-8 mV.
(4) Protons and divalent cations show synergistic effects on the destabilization of liposomes composed of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine and oleic acid (Düzgünes et al., Biochemistry (1985) 24, 3091).
(5) The enzyme is active over a wide range of pH, does not require divalent cations, and is inhibited by sulfhydryl-reactive agents.
(6) In order to determine the specific action of cadmium on bone metabolism, the effect of cadmium on alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme of osteoblasts, was compared with that of other divalent heavy metal ions, i.e., zinc, manganese, lead, copper, nickel and mercury (10 microM each), using cloned osteoblast-like cells, MC3T3-E1.
(7) The sensitivity to ionic strength, divalent metal ions and polylysine of release of fluorescent markers from liposomes and of haemoglobin from intact erythrocytes has been assayed.
(8) The enzyme is quite thermoresistant in the presence of other proteins, has an optimal temperature of 60 degrees, needs monovalent cations for optimal activity, is insensitive to EDTA, and is inhibited by divalent cations; it has no associated exonuclease activity.
(9) preference of template primer and divalent metal ion, RNA- or DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, RNase H activity, and the processive mode of DNA synthesis.
(10) It can be dissociated from the spores using divalent metal chelators and will reassemble on the spores in the presence of calcium.
(11) The presence of Ca2+ in silica gel is responsible for this improved yield of prostaglandin as the divalent metal ion stabilized prostaglandin synthetase activity in a remarkable way.
(12) In view of the above findings, it was hypothesized that polyamines in general took the place of divalent cations in causing membrane stabilization.
(13) The effects of monovalent and divalent cations on the hemolytic activity of Cerebratulus lacteus toxin A-III were studied.
(14) Other divalent metal ions displace Mn2+ from the high affinity sites in the following order of effectiveness: Ca greater than Mg = Zn = Co greater than Sr greater than Ni.
(15) Parameters observed were divalent association rate constants, affinity and autoradiography of isoelectric focusing (IEF) spectra.
(16) At low concentrations, the current-voltage relations are inwardly rectifying, but they become more ohmic if a small amount of divalent cations is added externally.
(17) Divalent cations (2 mM-Ni2+, 1 mM-Ba2+ or 2 mM-Ca2+) reduced only the outward current in the Tris Na(+)-free solution, while in the 150 mM-Na+ solution, they reduced both the inward and outward components of the current which had a reversal potential of around -10 mV.
(18) Cs (IC50 = 5-6 mM) prevented toxin binding, as did the divalent cations Ba and Ca (IC50 = 4-6 and 9-13 mM, respectively).
(19) Similar results were obtained in studies with the intact divalent radiolabelled Leu3a antibody.
(20) After renaturation of polypeptides, the gel was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP and divalent cations.
Uranyl
Definition:
(n.) The radical UO2, conveniently regarded as a residue of many uranium compounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) Chemical binding studies showed that the teichoic acid was the major uranyl binding component in isolated walls, from which it might be inferred that teichoic acid was located in the densely staining regions.
(2) Several attempts to use a complementary oligodeoxynucleotide to direct a uranyl "warhead" against an oligodeoxynucleotide target were unsuccessful.
(3) Sixteen chelating agents were examined to determine their relative efficacy as antidotes in acute uranyl acetate intoxication in mice after subcutaneous administration.
(4) When negatively stained with uranyl acetate, LPSI was ribbon-like but LPSII exhibited hexagonal lattice structures.
(5) The aim of the present study was to determine whether the nephrotoxicity of the uranium-containing compound uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) is enhanced after unilateral nephrectomy.
(6) It uses carbohydrazide as an osmium bridging agent and both osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate as electron staining agents.
(7) Polymerization of azole-activated nucleotides was conducted in an aqueous medium with uranyl ion as a catalyst.
(8) A combination of 2% osmium tetroxide-2% uranyl acetate or 2% gallic acid alone resulted in optimum fixation as ascertained by least extraction of radiolabels.
(9) DNA breakage in spermiogenic stages of mice treated with enriched uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) was studied using an alkaline elution technique.
(10) Prefixed virus was round with peak diameters of 141 and 130 nm, respectively, in phosphotungstate, and 148 and 117 nm, respectively, in uranyl acetate.
(11) Electron microscopic examination of embryos stained en bloc with uranyl acetate, and the study of junction permeability using horseradish peroxidase and lanthanum nitrate provided information on structure, intermembrane spacing and permeability of the junctional complexes.
(12) The absorption of U within the male Wistar rat was determined following oral gavage with uranyl nitrate solutions at seven different dosages.
(13) This capsule stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate, but not with ruthenium red.
(14) Uranyl formate-contrasted specimens displayed an elongated hexagonal nucleocapsid with a neck region; the cross-striated tail possessed a starlike base plate.
(15) Finally, uranyl photocleavage of the internal control region (ICR) of the 5S-RNA gene yields a cleavage modulation pattern fully compatible with that obtained by DNase I which also--in a more complex way--senses DNA minor groove width.
(16) Dense laminae were revealed in sections of osmium-fixed walls stained with ruthenium red which corresponded to similar regions stained by uranyl and lead.
(17) At 3 h total cortical RBF decreased to 35% of control values and the ration of blood flow in outer to inner cortical zones also decreased, reflecting outer cortical ischaemia, PRA increased in the first hour after uranyl nitrate and slowly declined therafter, though not to control values.
(18) To investigate a capsular swelling reaction of the strain K-9 of Klebsiella pneumoniae, possessor of large capsule, ultra-thin sections of the organisms were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and were treated with rabbit antiserum.
(19) Results confirm the recommendations of ICRP that uranyl nitrate and bicarbonate should be treated as class D compounds; but imply that some of the parameters used in the ICRP lung model are not applicable to soluble uranium compounds.
(20) Cd2+ increased both amplitude and duration of the contractile response to direct stimulation in either 0.25 mM Ca2+ Krebs or 2.5 mM Ca2+ Krebs containing the K+-channel blockers, 4-aminopyridine, uranyl nitrate or tetraethylammonium ion.