What's the difference between divergence and planula?
Divergence
Definition:
(n.) Alt. of Divergency
Example Sentences:
(1) A neodymium YAG (Nd:YAG) laser was evaluated in a dog ulcer model used in the same manner as is recommended for bleeding patients (power 55 W, divergence angle 4 degrees, with CO2 gas-jet assistance).
(2) The primary afferent fibers diverge in the brainstem into a short ascending and a long descending tract.
(3) Sires of the cows had been divergently selected on yearling weight (YW) and total maternal (MAT) EPD to form four groups: high YW, high MAT EPD; high YW, low MAT EPD; low YW, high MAT EPD; and low YW, low MAT EPD.
(4) The region is distinctive in that the sequence is absent from the homologous domain of the erythroid alpha chain and diverges from the normal internal repeat structure observed throughout other spectrins.
(5) Eye movements of convergence and divergence were recorded by a limbus tracker.
(6) The process of vectorial repeat addition continued in two platyrrhine sublineages after their divergence from each other.
(7) In this paper, we have characterized new and divergent EF-C binding sites in several viral regulatory regions.
(8) We propose that BGP I diverged from NCA by acquiring an immunoglobulin-like domain substantially different from the domains found in NCA or CEA and also a new cytoplasmic domain.
(9) We present a comparison of the Canadian and American data on expenditures, identifying the sectors in which the experience of the two nations diverges most, and describing the processes of control.
(10) Cognate sites in genomes that diverged approximately 100 million years ago can be detected by PCR assays based on primer pairs from unique sequences.
(11) The sequences in the 5'-flanking region of the alpha- and beta-MYHC-encoding genes diverge extensively from one another, suggesting that expression of the alpha- and beta-MYHC genes is independently regulated.
(12) This article examines the history of Dr. Crozat and his appliance, discusses the development and divergence in its use, and demonstrates this divergence with a few selected, documented case reports.
(13) Species of the genera Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Debaryomyces and Schwanniomyces were compared from their extent of divergence in three regions from small (18S) and large (25S) subunit ribosomal RNAs comprising a total of 900 nucleotides.
(14) In order to obtain probes for the analysis of RPE development from its earliest divergence from the neural retina to late stages of differentiation, we have developed a panel of monoclonal antibodies which recognize antigens specific to the RPE.
(15) The 18S data provide the principal signal that supports the more basal divergences, but the data do not unambiguously address relationships among taxa in the clade that includes most colonial flagellates and Chlamydomonas taxa representative of the Euchlamydomonas group (sensu Ettl).
(16) The developed apparatus included ultrasonic generators operating at a frequency of 0.5-3 MHz, piezoceramic radiators of various design providing the heating of an object with convergent, divergent and plane ultrasonic waves, thermoprobes in the form of single or multiple thermocouples with the bends from 5 points at a 5 mm distance from one another, temperature meters and various auxiliaries.
(17) The C. elegans core histone genes are organized as divergently transcribed pairs of H3-H4 and H2A-H2B and contain 5' conserved sequence elements in the shared spacer regions.
(18) The sequence data of the 3' terminus of the alpha-3 genomic clone suggests that it encodes for a divergent alpha-tubulin, and it most probably corresponds to the testis-specific gene.
(19) We have systematically analyzed the promoter-regulatory elements of the human and bovine alpha-subunit genes to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying their divergent patterns of tissue-specific expression.
(20) These results support a hypothesis which proposes that ancestral SIN virus diverged into two distinct groups.
Planula
Definition:
(n.) In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.
(n.) The very young, free-swimming larva of the coelenterates. It usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered with cilia.
Example Sentences:
(1) Adult specimens of Astrangia danae (Agassiz) and settled planulae of Porites porites (Pallas) contain crystals averaging 0.7 mu by 0.1 mu by 0.3 mu within Golgi-derived vesicles.
(2) Planulae processed with the SPG histofluorescence technique, specific only for catecholamines, exhibited blue-green fluorophores which were most prominent in the anterior ectoderm.
(3) Exposure of planulae to exogenous norepinephrine caused premature, rapid metamorphosis and produced polyps with slightly stunted tentacles and pitted, irregular hypostomes.
(4) Exposure of planulae to nicotine caused similar effects.
(5) RFamide antiserum bound a subset of ganglionic cells in the anterior and upper middle regions of the planula and a few ganglionic cells in the upper tail region.
(6) During gastrulation, the cnidocytes are Incorporated intO the ectoderm and become an integral part of the planula.
(7) Pretreatment of planulae with neuropharmacological agents which prevent reuptake (reserpine) or cause release (nicotine, ephedrine) of catecholamines caused a diminution of the fluorophores.
(8) The early embryonic development of Hydractinia lasts about 2.5 days until the developing planula larva acquires competence for metamorphosis.
(9) Using the same technique the reappearance of RFamide-positive ganglionic cells in epithelial tissue of chimeric grafts of planulae was observed.
(10) However, planulae raised in sea water containing propranolol, a beta blocker, ceased all movement, became tack-shaped and died within 72 h. These results meet multiple criteria for the identification of catecholamines in hydrozoan planulae and suggest that such catecholamines may function as neurotransmitters, neurohormones or neuromodulators during larval development.
(11) Ultrastructural examination of reserpine-treated planulae revealed a dramatic reduction in the populations of dense-cored vesicles and electron-dense droplets.
(12) Rearing planulae in sea water containing alpha blockers, phentolamine and tolazoline, had no discernible effect on behaviour (motility, phototactic response) or gross morphology.
(13) Planula larvae of Halocordyle disticha were examined for the presence of catecholamines using a multipronged approach.
(14) In non-metamorphosing planula larvae, PAF triggered the differentiation of nerve cells that normally develop only upon initiation of metamorphosis and that occur in the polyp stage.
(15) Stained repopulated ganglionic cells always formed in the same position in the epithelial tissue as was observed in control planulae suggesting that the expression of RFamide-like substances may be position dependent in the planula.
(16) A suggestion is put forward that at the final phase of larval development a special RNA is synthesized which participates in the genetically determined control of the complicated morphogenetic phenomenon of attachment and transformation of the planula in polyp.