What's the difference between dorsal and predorsal?
Dorsal
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the back, or dorsum, of an animal or of one of its parts; notal; tergal; neural; as, the dorsal fin of a fish; the dorsal artery of the tongue; -- opposed to ventral.
(a.) Pertaining to the surface naturally inferior, as of a leaf.
(a.) Pertaining to the surface naturally superior, as of a creeping hepatic moss.
(a.) A hanging, usually of rich stuff, at the back of a throne, or of an altar, or in any similar position.
Example Sentences:
(1) Two small populations of GLY + neurons were observed outside of the named nuclei of the SOC; one was located dorsal to the LSO, near its dorsal hilus, and the other was identified near the medial pole of the LSO.
(2) It is concluded that in the mouse model the ability of buspirone to reduce the aversive response to a brightly illuminated area may reflect an anxiolytic action, that the dorsal raphe nucleus may be an important locus of action, and that the effects of buspirone may reflect an interaction at 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors.
(3) An opening wedge osteotomy is then directed posterior-dorsal to anterior-plantar, to effectively plantarflex the posterior aspect of the calcaneus.
(4) Rapid injection of 2 m Ci TC 99m into a dorsal vein of the foot produced isotope phlebograms with a Dyna camera 2 C.
(5) Using a monoclonal antibody against dopamine and a rabbit antiserum against serotonin, 5-methoxytryptamine or tryptamine, we were able to achieve the simultaneous localization of two amines in glutaraldehyde-fixed sections of rat dorsal raphe nuclei.
(6) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(7) The pattern of results is consistent with a role for the dorsal bundle in attentional processes but appears to contradict the predictions required if the dorsal bundle were to have a role in frustrative nonreward.
(8) The Ca2+ channel current recorded under identical conditions in rat dorsal root ganglion neurones was less sensitive to blockade by PCP (IC50, 90 microM).
(9) Rats were injected subcutaneously with 10 ml of air into the dorsal skin to make an air-pouch and with 2 ml of antiserum at an appropriate dilution for passive sensitization, and then 5 ml of air was removed.
(10) Conservatively treated compressed fractures of the distal radius dorsal metaphysis healed despite primarily good reduction and consequent treatment with a decrease in dorsal length.
(11) One month after unilateral transection of the fimbria-fornix an almost complete lack of cholinergic fibers persists in all layers of the dorsal hippocampus and fascia dentata ipsilateral to the lesion when compared to the contralateral hippocampus or to unlesioned control rats.
(12) Three animals received unilateral lesions which included both the inferior parietal lobule and a portion of adjacent dorsal prestriate cortex (IPL-PS).
(13) We have characterized previously a model of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following cutaneous infection.
(14) After intravenous or dorsal lymph sac injections of 3H-22:6, most of the retinal label was seen in rod photoreceptor cells.
(15) Spinal cord stimulation would suppress at least the dorsal horn neurons which were destroyed by various kinds of diseases.
(16) This study presents data supporting a selective antinociceptive role for DA at the spinal level, where it has a widespread antinociceptive influence, on cells in both the superficial and deeper dorsal horn.
(17) The first spinal nerve and the spinal accessory nerve (XI) have no sensory projections, but the second spinal nerve has typical projections along the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord.
(18) Neurons containing moderate to high concentrations of ChE reaction product were found in 3 distinct regions of the dorsal thalamus.
(19) Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured from neonatal rats contained high concentrations of protein kinase C (PKC).
(20) Stimulating the dorsal root at L5 was found to produce hindleg twitches in EAE rats with complete hindlimb paralysis.
Predorsal
Definition:
(a.) Situated in front of the back; immediately in front, or on the ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral column.
Example Sentences:
(1) The ventral subdivision of the zona incerta is contrasted with a second source of GABAergic input to the predorsal bundle cells, the substantia nigra pars reticulata.
(2) Efferent neurons of the cat superior colliculus (SC) which project in the predorsal bundle (PDB) and to the spinal cord (PDB neurons) form a major pathway by which the SC controls the changes of the direction of gaze in response to stimuli of visual and other modalities.
(3) The deep layers of the superior colliculus contain cells which are premotor in the sense that they respond prior to the onset of shifts in gaze and send axons, by way of a pathway called the predorsal bundle, to the contralateral brainstem gaze centers and cervical spinal cord.
(4) In order to test the proposal that the zona incerta contributes to the generation of orienting movements, we examined the synaptic relationships between the incertotectal pathway and the cells of origin of the predorsal bundle.
(5) They immediately turn caudally to join the predorsal bundle, in which they run the length of the brainstem to reach the cervical spinal cord.
(6) A small lesion involving the deep periventricular layers as well as the superficial layers produced degeneration in the predorsal bundle and the ipsilateral tectobulbar tract as well as in the structures receiving input from the more superficial layers.
(7) We also employed antidromic stimulation (contralateral predorsal bundle and superior colliculus) and intracellular labeling with HRP to demonstrate which types of tectal efferent neurons are nigrorecipient.
(8) As the predorsal bundle courses caudally within the pontine tegmentum, labeled axons enter the dorsal and medial regions of both the oral and the caudal divisions of the nucleus reticularis pontis.
(9) The predorsal bundle cells give rise to the major premotor pathway from the superior colliculus to the brainstem gaze centers.
(10) The predorsal bundle cells were labeled by the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase from either the decussation of the predorsal bundle or the cervical spinal cord, while the terminations of the pathway from substantia nigra pars reticulata were labeled by anterograde axonal transport from the substantia nigra.
(11) Such descending axons can be grouped into two major bundles or tracts, i.e., the ipsilateral tectopontine-tectobulbar tract and the crossed tectospinal tract (or the predorsal bundle).
(12) Recovered tectal neurons (n = 4) with activity not related to spontaneous saccades participate in the predorsal and ventral ascending tectofugal bundles as well as the projection to the ipsilateral mesencephalic reticular formation.
(13) By combining the glutamate decarboxylase immunocytochemistry with the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in single animals, it was demonstrated that the cells of origin of the major descending efferent pathway from the intermediate grey layer, the predorsal bundle, are heavily contacted by glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactive terminals.
(14) The results showed that the distributions of both the predorsal bundle cells and the nigrotectal terminals are restricted almost entirely to the intermediate grey layer and that they overlap extensively.
(15) In 13 alert, chronically prepared cats, a total of 293 neurons were antidromically identified from either the predorsal bundle (PDB) immediately rostral to abducens nucleus or the ventromedial funiculus of the spinal cord at the level of the first cervical vertebra (C1).
(16) The present study examines the contributions of the cells of origin of the predorsal bundle to these additional pathways as a step toward understanding their roles in gaze mechanisms.
(17) The other is the predorsal system of tectal efferents which may mediate such responses.
(18) Predorsal bundle cells give rise to the major efferent pathway from the superior colliculus to the premotor centers of the brainstem and spinal cord responsible for initiating orienting movements.
(19) In rats, as in other mammals, one of the principal projections of the superior colliculus (SC) crosses the midline in the dorsal tegmental decussation to join the contralateral predorsal bundle (PDB).
(20) The activity of predorsal bundle cells is profoundly influenced by an inhibitory pathway from substantia nigra pars reticulata that uses gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a neurotransmitter.