(n.) A stroke made with a downward motion of the pen or pencil.
Example Sentences:
(1) Occasionally the average forces within an upstroke are greater than within a downstroke of the same sequence.
(2) This current is voltage-sensitive and is responsible for the downstroke of the action potential during the early part of the burst.
(3) A third group of cells recorded intrasomally had broad spikes with shoulders on the downstroke characteristic of A-delta-nociceptors and were so classified provisionally, although no adequate stimulus could be identified.
(4) During active pedalling, all normal subjects showed modulation of the H-reflex with the amplitude being increased during the downstroke portion of the pedal cycle and the reflex suppressed or absent during the upstroke.
(5) The method is unique in combining the following considerations: 1) use of internal measurement error present in the actual sample replicates (rather than that estimated from external standards); 2) an ability to accommodate a wide range of nonuniformity in intraassay coefficients of variation; 3) utilization of both upstroke and downstroke threshold criteria; and 4) adaptability to specify a physiologically relevant proximity of the postpeak nadir to the center of the peak.
(6) A sensor attached to the chest plate of a Thumper was used to time a Datascope Model 3520 ventricular assist console such that the balloon inflated on the upstroke and deflated on the downstroke of the Thumper.
(7) Eighteen prehospital cardiac arrest patients were studied to determine the effect of external chest compression rate on the PetCO2 and BP in man when ventilation rate, ventilation inspiration time, applied compression force, and a 50:50 downstroke:upstroke ratio were held constant using a microprocessor-controlled CPR Thumper.
(8) In the carotid pulse, there was, in youth, a second peak on the downstroke of the waves in late systole.
(9) It participates in the opener (downstroke) phase of swimming and causes contraction of one of the described muscle layers.
(10) Conventional recordings of these extrasystoles usually showed an initial slow upstroke (or downstroke) of the QRS resembling a delta wave.
(11) Except for the timing of the fastest downstroke, all of these variables were significantly altered by distant potentials.
(12) It appears that "elite-national class" cyclists have the ability to generate higher "downstroke power", possibly as a result of muscular adaptations stimulated by more years of endurance training.
(13) The upstroke of this waveform was slower and the downstroke was steeper than that of the aortic pressure.
(14) The timing of the fastest downstroke is largely independent of the effect of distant potentials and most closely represents local activation.
(15) The syndrome was characterized by (1) an upward concave elevation of the RS-T segment with distinct or "embryonic" J waves, slurred downstroke of R waves or distinct J points or both; (2) RS-T segment elevation commonly encountered in the precordial leads and more distinct in these leads; (3) rapid QRS transition in the precordial leads with counterclockwise rotation; and (4) persistence of these characteristics for many years although some intraindividual changes were common.
(16) It is concluded that the mitral valve closes during the downstroke of chest compression in most adult patients during resuscitation.
(17) The higher performance power output of group 1 was produced primarily by generating higher peak torques about the center of the crank by applying larger vertical forces to the crank arm during the cycling downstroke.
(18) Waveform configuration, peak to peak amplitude, magnitude of the slope and timing of the fastest downstroke were carefully evaluated at each electrode site, both with and without the presence of distant left ventricular potentials.
(19) At the point of transition from wing upstroke to downstroke, the pectoralis EMG signal typically exhibits a reduction in amplitude.
(20) We now show that EGF abolishes the downstroke of the dose response curve for CCK-8-induced ZG Cl- conductance and shifts the stimulatory response to higher CCK-8 concentrations.
Upstroke
Definition:
(n.) An upward stroke, especially the stroke, or line, made by a writing instrument when moving upward, or from the body of the writer, or a line corresponding to the part of a letter thus made.
Example Sentences:
(1) Occasionally the average forces within an upstroke are greater than within a downstroke of the same sequence.
(2) The i(Na) is primarily responsible for the rapid upstroke of the action potential, while the other current components determine the configuration of the plateau of the action potential and the re-polarization phase.
(3) These two drugs did not affect the duration of AP (APD90), whereas maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) decreased.
(4) The broadening reflected slowing of the repolarization, whereas the upstroke of the spike was unchanged.
(5) At shorter intervals the upstroke phase of the slow wave was greatly reduced or abolished.
(6) Phenytoin, at 50 to 200 micrograms reduced the maximum upstroke velocity of action potentials (Vmax) with increases in frequency from 0.25 to 5 Hz and in the external potassium concentration [( K+]0) from 2.7 to 8.1 mM.
(7) At 150 ATA membrane excitability was depressed and the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of the action potential was reduced by 10%.
(8) All the drugs in these concentrations produced a concentration-dependent reduction of the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax).
(9) In epicardium, the reduction of phase 0 and 1 amplitudes led to a slowing of the second action potential upstroke and an increase in the amplitude of phase 2.
(10) In addition, the delay time (required for pulse wave transmission to the neck) of the upstroke (DUEC) and incisura (DIEC) of the external carotid pulse tracing was studied.
(11) Outward K current through delayed-rectifier channels follows the upstroke without appreciable delay and lasts throughout the action potential.
(12) These compounds reduce the amplitude and duration of the plateau phase, but the upstroke phase of slow waves persists.
(13) In addition, the action potential height, maximal upstroke velocity, duration, and time constant of the foot did not change.
(14) In terms of cardiac electrophysiology, amiloride prolongs action potential duration without alteration in upstroke velocity of phase 0 in Purkinje fibers.
(15) The correlations between the catheterization measurement of aortic valve area and the various noninvasive measurements were as follows: time to one-half carotid upstroke (r = -0.32, p less than 0.001); corrected left ventricular ejection time (r = -0.24, p less than 0.05); aortic valve excursion (r = 0.51, p less than 0.001); mean gradient by Doppler study (r = -0.44, p less than 0.001); mean gradient by catheterization analysis (r = -0.55, p less than 0.001); peak to mean gradient ratio measured by continuous wave Doppler (r = 0.38, p less than 0.001); and aortic valve area assessed using the Doppler continuity equation (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001).
(16) The characteristics of the MAP upstroke were compared with those of the local action potential foot as well as with the characteristics of approaching electrical activation during uniform and asynchronous conduction.
(17) Maximum upstroke velocity of Ca-action potentials recorded in partially depolarized ventricles were enhanced by phenylephrine, and the enhancement was eliminated by sotalol but not by phentolamine.
(18) This frequency-dependent maximum upstroke velocity block increased at higher stimulation frequencies and at higher drug concentrations.
(19) litre-1 [K]o, however, caffeine could increase the upstroke of slow response and the force.
(20) The start of opening of these valves occurs at the onset of the pressure rise in the corresponding great vessel and completion of valve opening always occurs on the pressure upstroke.