(adv.) From a higher place to a lower; in a descending course; as, to tend, move, roll, look, or take root, downward or downwards.
(adv.) From a higher to a lower condition; toward misery, humility, disgrace, or ruin.
(adv.) From a remote time; from an ancestor or predecessor; from one to another in a descending line.
Example Sentences:
(1) Over a period of 9 months a 12-year-old girl spontaneously developed a palpable cystic tumor in the upper eye lid which led to an indentation and downward displacement of the globe.
(2) Cerebral angiogram displayed a contralateral shift and an unrolling of the anterior cerebral artery, a lateral stretch of middle cerebral artery, a downward stretch of anterior choroidal artery and a tumor stain fed by the Heubner artery.
(3) In this study downward gaze was more severely disturbed than upward gaze.
(4) Business rates: pressure grows for total rethink on controversial tax Read more Meanwhile the downwards press on aggregate council funding is unremitting.
(5) downward occupational and downward social drift, premature retirement and achievement of the expected social development.
(6) In all the RIAs, the dose-response curves obtained on delayed addition by 24 to 48 h of labeled antigens (curves B), were shifted downwards and to the left of those obtained on simultaneous addition of the reagents (curves A), resulting in improved sensitivity of the assay.
(7) A downward protraction force produced relatively uniform stress distributions, indicating the importance of the force direction in determining the stress distributions from various orthopedic forces.
(8) Pregnant women showed an overall downward trend in susceptibility to rubella (from 4.2% at the beginning of 1984 to 3.0% at the end of 1986), and a similar decline was seen in the two other categories.
(9) Put simply, there would have to be evidence that ultra-low oil prices are having only a temporary downward impact on inflation and have helped disguise upward pressure on wages caused by falling unemployment.
(10) With systole there is downward (caudal) flow of CSF in the aqueduct of Sylvius, the foramen of Magendie, the basal cisterns and the dorsal and ventral subarachnoid spaces while during diastole, upward (cranial) flow of CSF in these same structures is seen.
(11) The company's value lies in its FM licence for London, with the audience for its national AM licence spiralling downwards in recent years.
(12) Although the muscles of untreated children also showed shifts of mean frequency to lower frequency values as a function of time, there was a greater downward shift of mean frequency in those treated with functional appliances.
(13) Assuming no future environmental or lifestyle changes, the upward trend in age-adjusted mortality rates, which averaged 2 to 3% per annum since 1950, is projected to discontinue and bend downward by the second decade of the 21st century.
(14) That does not mean that natural ice variability cannot bring it back again, but the trend, we think, will be downward."
(15) These findings suggest that the response to a downward shift of frequency with an amplitude increase results from new activation due to an apical extension of the envelope of the traveling wave and thus represents the activity in a restricted area of the basilar membrane.
(16) The technique consists of wide undermining of supranasal and paranasal skin, use of composite auricular grafts from the ear to lengthen the upper lateral cartilages, use of a chondromucosal septal flap for lengthening the septum, and postoperative downward taping to assure adequate stretching of dorsal skin for the first-stage procedure.
(17) The virus initially appeared within certain keratinocytes, sometimes surrounded by keratinocytes whose surfaces were also positive for the antigens, in the lower epidermal layers including the hair follicles, and then extended upward to the entire epidermis and downward to the sebaceous glands 1-2 days later, when no macroscopic skin lesion was seen.
(18) Erythrocyte sedimentation highly increased leucocyte retention in vertical columns with a downward flow, whereas in slightly tilted columns with an upward flow, the retention was reduced.
(19) Chorismate mutase was also inhibited by prephenate, which caused downward double-reciprocal plots and a Hill coefficient of n = 0.7, evidence for negative cooperativity.
(20) The Saudis and other Gulf states still support rebel fighting formations – as much because of inertia and hostility to Iran as anything else – but western backing is on a downward trajectory as concerns mount about the risks of blowback from al-Qaida-linked groups.
Orthotropic
Definition:
(a.) Having the longer axis vertical; -- said of erect stems.
Example Sentences:
(1) Modifications are made so that the Hooke's law constitutive equations of stress may be applied to the inhomogeneous, non-lineary elastic and orthotropic thin (membrane) aortic valve leaflets.
(2) In this study the orthotropic elastic moduli, structural density, and fabric components were measured for 11 cancellous bone specimens from five bovine femora and for 75 specimens from three human proximal tibiae and fitted to these relationships using a least squares analysis.
(3) It has been proposed that the orthotropic elastic constants of cancellous bone depend upon a tensorial measure of anisotropy called fabric as well as the tissue's structural density.
(4) The thin and thick lamellae are modeled as orthotropic composite layers made up of thin rectangular apatite platelets within a collagen matrix, and classical orthotropic elasticity theory is used to calculate the Young's modulus of the lamellae.
(5) The error in the prediction of the orientation of the principal axes of stress in bone tissue is determined in the case when the tissue is modeled as elastically isotropic rather than as orthotropic, the probable symmetry of bone tissue.
(6) Electrical propagation relies on an orthotropic conductivity tensor defined with respect to the local material axes.
(7) The artery is considered orthotropic and loaded with an incremental pressure of 40 mmHg.
(8) The thermodynamic restrictions on the elastic coefficients of linear orthotropic elasticity and linear transversely isotropy elasticity are recorded and it is shown that previously reported data for the elastic orthotropic constants of bone satisfy these thermodynamic restrictions.
(9) In this paper, these two methods will be evaluated using an exact theory for wave propagation in orthotropic plates.
(10) Results from orthotropic and strabismic adults and from children are evaluated to establish reference values.
(11) Orthotropic behavior of the bone structure was confirmed.
(12) When the nine orthotropic elastic constants were forced to approximate the five transverse isotropic elastic constants, errors of over 60 percent were introduced.
(13) A three dimensional model has been developed by adopting an orthotropic material law for cortical bone and an isotropic law for the fracture gap zone.
(14) The annulus fibrosus is modelled either as nonhomogeneous fibre reinforced composite or alternatively as homogeneous orthotropic with transverse isotropy.
(15) Earlier work gave the three orthotropic Young's moduli of the cortical one of the canine femur as 12.8 GPa, 15.6 GPa and 20.1 GPa.
(16) In 4 mandibles (fully dentulous, partly dentulous, edentulous), orthotropic mechanical behavior of the fresh bone was determined experimentally.
(17) The artery is modelled as an initially stressed orthotropic elastic tube filled with a viscous incompressible fluid.
(18) The characteristic findings of congenital esotropia subsequently developed in three infants who were either orthotropic or exotropic at birth.
(19) Simulation of glottal volume flow and vocal fold tissue movement was accomplished by numerical solution of a time-dependent boundary value problem, in which nonuniform, orthotropic, linear, incompressible vocal fold tissue media were surrounded by irregularly shaped boundaries, which were either fixed or subject to aerodynamic stresses.
(20) The plate and bone contact as well as the fracture site contact were modelled by using orthotropic elements with custom-fit moduli so that only the normal stress to the interface was significant.