(n.) Any animal, vegetable, or mineral substance used in the composition of medicines; any stuff used in dyeing or in chemical operations.
(n.) Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand.
(v. i.) To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines.
(v. t.) To affect or season with drugs or ingredients; esp., to stupefy by a narcotic drug. Also Fig.
(v. t.) To tincture with something offensive or injurious.
(v. t.) To dose to excess with, or as with, drugs.
Example Sentences:
(1) Previous use of the drug is found in more than 50 per cent of the patients, and it was often followed by a neglected side-effect.
(2) Disease stabilisation was associated with prolonged periods of comparatively high plasma levels of drug, which appeared to be determined primarily by reduced drug clearance.
(3) The significance of minor increases in the serum creatinine level must be recognized, so that modifications of drug therapy can be made and correction of possibly life-threatening electrolyte imbalances can be undertaken.
(4) We have investigated the effect of methimazole (MMI) on cell-mediated immunity and ascertained the mechanisms of immunosuppression produced by the drug.
(5) Theophylline kinetics, as an in vivo probe for the potentially toxic cytochrome P-450I pathway of drug metabolism, were studied in 11 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with calcific chronic pancreatitis at Madras, South India.
(6) However, medicines have an important part to play, and it is now generally agreed that for the very poor populations medicines should be restricted to those on an 'essential drugs list' and should be made available as cheaply as possible.
(7) The ability of azelastine to influence antigen-induced contractile responses (Schultz-Dale phenomenon) in isolated tracheal segments of the guinea-pig was investigated and compared with selected antiallergic drugs and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism.
(8) The LD50 of the following metal-binding chelating drugs, EDTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), cyclohexanediaminotetraacetic acid (CDTA) and triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid (TTHA) was evaluated in terms of mortality in rats after intraperitoneal administration and was found to be in the order: CDTA greater than EDTA greater than DTPA greater than TTHA greater than HEDTA.
(9) Meanwhile the efficiency of muscarinic antagonists in inhibition of tremor reaction induced by arecoline administration is associated with interaction between the drugs and the M2-subtype.
(10) Some of those drugs are able to stimulate the macrophages, even in an aspecific way, via the gut associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), that is in connection with the bronchial associated lymphatic tissue (BALT).
(11) The 14C-aminopyrine breath test was used to measure liver function in 14 normal subjects, 16 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 14 alcoholics without cirrhosis, and 29 patients taking a variety of drugs.
(12) The results of the evaluation confirm that most problems seen by first level medical personnel in developing countries are simple, repetitive, and treatable at home or by a paramedical worker with a few safe, essential drugs, thus avoiding unnecessary visits to a doctor.
(13) Acquired drug resistance to INH, RMP, and EMB can be demonstrated in M. kansasii, and SMX in combination with other agents chosen on the basis of MIC determinations are effective in the treatment of disease caused by RMP-resistant M. kansasii.
(14) Further development of drug formulary concept was discussed, primarily for the drugs paid by the Health Insurance, as well as the unsatisfactory ADR reporting in Yugoslavia.
(15) Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, who is also seeking the Democratic presidential nomination, recently proposed a bill that would ease the financial burden of prescription drugs on elderly Americans by allowing Medicare, the national social health insurance program, to negotiate with the pharmaceutical companies to keep prices down.
(16) The authors empirically studied the self-medication hypothesis of drug abuse by examining drug effects and motivation for drug use in 494 hospitalized drug abusers.
(17) Inadequate treatment, caused by a lack of drugs and poorly trained medical attendants, is also a major problem.
(18) To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intolerance and the effect of gold use on the seroprevalence of H. pylori.
(19) A remarkable deterioration of prognosis with increasing age rises the question whether treatment with cytotoxic drugs should be tried in patients more than 60 years old.
(20) It was concluded that metoclopramide and dexamethasone showed an excellent antiemetic effect on acute drug-induced emesis, as well as on delayed emesis, induced by cisplatin.
Perfusion
Definition:
(n.) The act of perfusing.
Example Sentences:
(1) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(2) The vascular endothelium is capable of regulating tissue perfusion by the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor to modulate vasomotor tone of the resistance vasculature.
(3) When perfusion of the affected lung was less than one-third of the total the tumour was found to be unresectable.
(4) To examine the central nervous system regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion, an animal model was developed that allowed cerebroventricular and intravenous injections as well as collection of duodenal perfusates in awake, freely moving rats.
(5) Myocardial ischaemia was induced in perfused rabbit hearts by ligating the left main coronary artery.
(6) Arginine vasopressin further reduced papillary flow in kidneys perfused with high viscosity artificial plasma.
(7) They are best explained by interactions between central sympathetic activity, brainstem control of respiration and vasomotor activity, reflexes arising from around and within the respiratory tract, and the matching of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs.
(8) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(9) This method provided myocardial perfusion images of high quality which were well correlated with N-13 ammonia images.
(10) Infarct size is always expressed as a percentage of the perfusion area of the occluded artery.
(11) The results indicated that the role of contact inhibition phenomena in arresting cellular proliferation was diminished in perfusion system environments.
(12) These results indicate that FMLP increased a pulmonary microvascular permeability in isolated buffer-perfused rabbit lungs that is PMN dependent and mediated by LT produced possibly by a result of ROS production.
(13) While concentrations of fully glycosylated 35S-Cysteine rhEPO did not exhibit any detectable decrease during perfusion, desialo-35S-Cysteine rhEPO was rapidly cleared from the perfusate.
(14) Measurement of adenosine in coronary effluent and in ventricular tissue by radioimmunoassay verified that no residual elevated adenosine remained following perfusion and washout.
(15) In goldfish intestine (perfused unstripped segments and mucosal strips) the serosal addition of ouabain (10(-4) M) resulted in a vanishment of the transepithelial potential difference and in a continuous increase in transepithelial resistance.
(16) Adding prazosin (30 nM) to the perfusate completely (approximately 90%) reversed this effect (p less than 0.05), while alpha 2-adrenergic receptor blockade with yohimbine (300 nM) had no effect.
(17) Because isosmolar albumin solution is easier to prepare than hyperosmolar cryoprecipitated plasma and gives comparable results, it remains our perfusate of choice for continuous perfusion preservation.
(18) Similarly, the phosphorylation potential, phosphocreatine, adenosine triphosphate, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate were constant in the range of autoregulation but decreased directionally with coronary perfusion pressure below 110 cm H2O for both SHR and WKY rats.
(19) Studies were conducted in isolated, buffer-perfused rat lungs to determine if prostaglandin (PG) E1 attenuated pulmonary edema provoked by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
(20) The cardiac output increased by 29% after hemodilution without significant alterations in cerebral perfusion pressure and showed a good inverse correlation with the Hct and the WBV.