(n.) That which exactly resembles or corresponds to something else; another, correspondent to the first; hence, a copy; a transcript; a counterpart.
(n.) An original instrument repeated; a document which is the same as another in all essential particulars, and differing from a mere copy in having all the validity of an original.
(v. t.) To double; to fold; to render double.
(v. t.) To make a duplicate of (something); to make a copy or transcript of.
(v. t.) To divide into two by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, infusoria duplicate themselves.
Example Sentences:
(1) Short incubations with heparin (5 min) caused a release of the enzyme into the media, while longer incubations caused a 2-8-fold increase in net lipoprotein lipase secretion which was maximal after 2-16 h depending on cell type, and persisted for 24 h. The effect of heparin was dose-dependent and specific (it was not duplicated by other glycosaminoglycans).
(2) Preliminary data also suggest that high-molecular-weight rearrangements of the duplicated region are present in all tissues.
(3) In the second comparison, HSV was isolated from 225 of 1,026 (21.9%) specimens and duplicate human foreskin fibroblast cell wells stained at 24 and 72 h were PAP positive in 241 of 1,026 (23.5%).
(4) Evidence reported here shows that, consistent with prediction, 10 carcinogens are all active in inducing tandem duplications.
(5) So we concluded that duplications and accessories should be thought to have similar meanings with the ordinary branching patterns of MCA in the occurrence of aneurysms.
(6) The 500-bp element arose by duplication of one half of a 180-bp ancestor and insertion of a foreign segment between the two duplicated parts followed by amplification.
(7) A case of incomplete peno-scrotal transposition, with a perineal anorectal duplication, vesico-ureteric reflux and thoracic hemivertebrae is presented.
(8) For the case of the fluctuating pressure, the strength of the artery becomes considerably lower than those under constant amplitude and two-step-multi-duplicated pulsatile pressure.
(9) Reciprocal translocations involving the short arm of acrocentric chromosomes can segregate to produce partial duplications without associated deletions.
(10) The authors report a case of total bladder duplication by frontal septum.
(11) Control-operated cells with centrosomes left in the karyoplast progress through the cell cycle, duplicate the centrosome, and form clonal cell colonies.
(12) Partial duplication of the proximal part of the long arm of chromosome 5, on the other hand, is associated mainly with musculoskeletal abnormalities including muscle hypotrophy and hypotonia, scoliosis, lordosis, pectus carinatum, cubitus valgus, and genu valgum, in addition to psychomotor retardation.
(13) Using fluorescent in situ hybridization and digital imaging microscopy, we mapped probe p32.1 (D11S16) to the proximal part of region 11p14 (11p14.1) and demonstrated duplication of this probe in our patient.
(14) The efflux rate for EB of strains with duplicated ebr genes was twice the rate of strains with a single ebr gene.
(15) In addition to the fatigue tester and the pulse duplicator, a signal conditioner, a DC amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, and a digital microcomputer comprised the essential hardware.
(16) The 3' untranslated region of the VMRI gene 11 equivalent contains a clear duplication of a portion of its coding sequence.
(17) The regulatory region of the casein gene contains two different TATA signals flanking the duplication site in the promoter region.
(18) A 68-year-old female patient was admitted for the examination of duplication of right ureter and right hydronephrosis.
(19) The curiously double nature of the virgin in this tale, her purity versus her duplicity, seems unquestionably related to the infantile split mother, as elucidated by Klein--a connection explored in an earlier paper.
(20) Furthermore, duplications in the vicinity of this locus involving the beta-amyloid gene and the proto-oncogene ets-2 have been reported in association with AD.
Replica
Definition:
(v. & n.) A copy of a work of art, as of a picture or statue, made by the maker of the original.
(v. & n.) Repetition.
Example Sentences:
(1) A large number of recently isolated bacterial pathogens were tested for susceptibility to cephalexin and cephaloglycin by the replica inoculating method.
(2) Due to low numbers of animals in Replica 1, the reduced Leydig cell volume was not significant after TCDD treatment; however, in Replica 2 there was a dose-dependent reduction (P < 0.01) in volume per testis of Leydig cell cytoplasm, nuclei, or total Leydig cell volume.
(3) The results of the rapid-freeze and deep-etch procedure showed that the ridges observed by the surface replica method consisted of linear arrangements of elliptical particles on the ES face of the plasma membrane.
(4) We have made an electron microscopic study of replicas of frozen-fractured BHK21 cells (from tissue culture) and of brown fat cells of newborn mice.
(5) Mucosal blood supply in the rat small intestine was studied by the injection replica scanning electron microscope method.
(6) In freeze-fracture replicas the ER was seen to consist of both short and long tubules, some of the latter forming anastomoses with each other.
(7) Subsequent developments discussed include complementary replicas, replica interpretation with stereo micrograph and reversal negatives, replica reinforcement, and control of resistance evaporation.
(8) The replica casting tested was obtained from a human cadaver and indicated some plaque formation along the main lumen and branch.
(9) The bitterling spermatozoon has been examined by electron microscopy using sectioned material and freeze-fracture replicas.
(10) Impressions of randomly selected areas (n = 103) were taken before and after airpolishing and positive replicas were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
(11) Examination of apposed replicas and deep-etched specimens indicated that at least some of the IMPs extend through the T. pallidum outer membrane and are exposed on the surface of the organism.
(12) For these purposes, the changes in microvascular structure of the fibrotic pancreas, produced by ligation of the pancreatic duct in mongrel adult dogs, were investigated by microangiography and injection replica scanning electron microscopic methods.
(13) Ten-year-old condensation silicone elastomer impressions and epoxy replicas made in 1979 were compared in a scanning electron microscope at 5 kV with different magnifications up to x200.
(14) Developing chick myotubes in tissue culture were freeze-fractured to yield complementary replicas of large areas of membrane.
(15) Cortical patches and replicas of eggs incubated with sperm for 10-15 min provide evidence that cortical microfilaments may be intimately associated with penetrating spermatozoa.
(16) These findings coincide with the ultrastructure of amyloid fibrils obtained from replicas made by a rapid freezing method.
(17) In freeze-fracture replicas with adherent cortical fiber membranes, MP70 was immunolocalized in the junctional plaques which closely resemble the gap junctions in other tissues.
(18) The secretory activity was established, in tissue sections and freeze-etch replicas, by estimating the volume of the nuclei, the density of the nuclear pores, and the frequency of exocytotic phenomena.
(19) Cilia, primarily of the lamellibranch gill (Elliptio and Mytilus), have been examined in freeze-etch replicas.
(20) The distribution of neoantigens in the surface membrane of avian tumor virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts was examined on carbon replicas of cell cultures using hemocyanin-labeled antibody.