(n.) The outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum.
(n.) The outer hyaline layer of protoplasm in a vegetable cell.
(n.) The ectosarc of protozoan.
Example Sentences:
(1) The egg cortex is enriched in two organelles, ectoplasmic spherules and associated structures, which are similar in appearance to nuage.
(2) A mutant receptor lacking the entire cytoplasmic tail (except for the five proximal amino acids) was also expressed on the apical membrane, suggesting that information for apical sorting was contained in the ectoplasmic or transmembrane domains.
(3) By site-directed mutagenesis, a stop codon was introduced in the receptor cDNA at the border between the ectoplasmic and membrane-spanning domain.
(4) These vesicles: (a) fractionate like basolateral plasma membrane in sucrose density gradients and in free-flow electrophoresis; (b) can be separated from the bulk of the likely organellar contaminants, including membranes derived from the late Golgi cisternae, transtubular network, and endosomes; (c) contain the proven basolateral constituents CE 9 and the ASGP-R, as judged by vesicle immunoadsorption using fixed Staphylococcus aureus cells and anti-ASGP-R antibodies; and (d) are oriented with their ectoplasmic surfaces facing outward, based on the results of vesicle immunoadsorption experiments using antibodies specific for the ectoplasmic domain of the ASGP-R. Only at times of chase greater than 45 min do significant amounts of the mature radiolabeled apical proteins arrive at the apical domain, and they do so at different rates.
(5) Comparison of these ectoplasmic portions showed that two of the forms corresponded to previously described murine molecules whereas the third one had a different ectoplasmic portion generated by specific changes in two regions.
(6) (2) It has been shown that in protoplasmic drops the endoplasm-ectoplasm transformation is accompanied by an actin polymerization from the non-filamentous state to F-actin.
(7) Actin filaments are found in amebas (1, 12, 13) which react with vertebrate heavy meromyosin (HMM), forming arrowhead complexes as vertebrate actin (3, 9), and are prominent within the ectoplasmic tube where some of them are attached to the plasmalemma (1, 12).
(8) Numerous large vacuoles were present within the ectoplasm just beneath the plasma membrane in untreated cysts.
(9) Further, they indicate that vinculin is co-distributed with actin bundles within each ectoplasmic specialization.
(10) A high resting [Ca2+]i of 1.5 to 2.0 x 10(-7) M in the uroid region or in retracting pseudopodia is associated with the transformation of rigid ectoplasmic gel into fluid endoplasmic sol, and a low [Ca2+]i of 10(-9) to 10(-8) M in the front region or in extending pseudopodia with the re-transformation of endoplasmic sol into ectoplasmic gel.
(11) Filament bundles in ectoplasmic specializations adjacent to germ cells closely follow the contour of and are arranged parallel to the long axis of the developing acrosome.
(12) The Mr 46,000 mannose 6-phosphate receptor is an integral membrane protein with its ligand-binding site in the ectoplasmic domain.
(13) Ectoplasmic specializations (ES) facing spermatids were studied in species representative of four classes of non-mammalian vertebrates (Pisces--bluegill; Amphibia--bullfrog; Reptilia--red eared turtle; Aves--domestic chicken).
(14) Stationary ectoplasm and flowing endoplasm are involved in a mutual transformation process: thereia an exchange of ectoplasm and endoplasm in the form of protoplasmic streamlets crossing the borderline between the endoplasmic stream and the ectoplasmic tube.
(15) At the cell periphery, the lateral cell membrane showed bizarre interdigitation and the ectoplasm showed hyaloplasmic rarefaction.
(16) The plasmalemma and hyaline ectoplasm together constitute the sensory and motor organ of macrophages.
(17) The results showed three types of ectoplasmic projections: namely, (i) a smooth surface and a narrow base; (ii) many folds and pits; and (iii) a ruffled surface and broad base, seen in clusters and located at intervals on the antimesometrial side only.
(18) The mechanical force responsible apparently originates from the formation of an ectoplasmic mucilage capable of exerting pressure over all of the ascus contents; when the apex of the peduncle ruptures, the ascospores are violently released.
(19) This finding suggested the resemblance of the area of the worm-like bodies to the ectoplasm.
(20) Isolated seminiferous epithelia, combined with NBD-phallacidin as a probe for actin, provide an ideal model system in which to study further the contractile properties of Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations and the possible involvement of these structures in events that occur during spermatogenesis.
Granule
Definition:
(n.) A little grain a small particle; a pellet.
Example Sentences:
(1) The patterns observed were: clusters of granules related to the cell membrane; positive staining localized to portions of the cell membrane, and, less commonly, the whole cell circumference.
(2) The extrusion of granules into the intercellular space via exocytosis is frequently observed.
(3) We have previously shown that serotonin is present in secretory granules of frog adrenochromaffin cells; concurrently, we have demonstrated that serotonin is a potent stimulator of corticosterone and aldosterone secretion by adrenocortical cells.
(4) Finally, it could be observed that elevated osmotic pressures reduced the lysis of isolated secretory granules when bicarbonate ions were present in the incubation medium.
(5) In addition, transitional macrophages with both positive granules and positive RER, nuclear envelope, negative Golgi apparatus (as in exudate- resident macrophages in vivo), and mature macrophages with peroxidatic activity only in the RER and nuclear envelope (as in resident macrophages in vivo) were found.
(6) They had no endocrine-like granules and were not associated with nerves or basement membranes.
(7) Electron microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed histamine-immunostaining in granules in a small number of nerve fibers and varicosities.
(8) Results of detailed studies on tissue reactions to Cysticercus bovis in the heart of cattle, together with a comparison of findings in animals with spontaneous and experimental infection, and an evaluation of tissue reactions in relation to the location, morphology and morphogenesis of C. bovis provided evidence for the fact that in general, the response of the heart to the presence of C. bovis was an inflammatory reaction characterized by the origin of a pseudoepithelial border and a zone of granulation tissue.
(9) The presence of a previously unreported dipeptide transport mechanism within blood leukocytes and the selective enrichment of the granule enzyme, DPPI, within cytotoxic effector cells of lymphoid or myeloid lineage appear to afford a unique mechanism for the targeting of immunotherapeutic reagents composed of simple dipeptide esters or amides.
(10) The volume density of glycogen granules in hepatocytes was highest 4 hr after the secretory granules of B cells showed the lowest value.
(11) A new technique to obliterate the mastoid volume or to reduce an old cavity by means of hydroxyapatite granulate is presented.
(12) The data suggest that proinsulin, normally processed in secretory granules and released via the regulated pathway, may also be processed, albeit less efficiently, by the constitutive pathway conversion machinery.
(13) In telecost fishes, the corpuscles of Stannius contain Bowie-stainable granules and a renin-like pressor substance.
(14) Electron microscopy revealed a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, an enlarged Golgi apparatus and many highly electron-dense secretory granules resembling those of Clara cells.
(15) The study confirms that secretin influences pancreatic protein secretion and indicates in addition, that pharmacologic doses of the hormone, have the capacity to block acinar cell zymogen granule release.
(16) Immunoreactions of LTR which were seen in specific granules of neutrophils and monocytes attached to the endothelial cell surface may indicate the onset of endothelial cell damage.
(17) The capacity of granule-cell networks to separate overlapping patterns of activity on their inputs is adequate, with spatial variability in the secretion at synapses, but is improved if there is also temporal variability in the stochastic secretion at individual synapses, although this is at the expense of reliability in the network.
(18) These results suggest that bPAG is probably synthesized by trophoblast binucleate cells and stored in granules prior to delivery into the maternal circulation after cell migration.
(19) CAM, especially CD11c, were also detected in cytoplasmic granules by immunostaining in IL2-activated NK cells.
(20) The outstanding morphologic feature of cortical cells exposed to microunit ACTH concentrations for 40 min was the abundance of electron-dense granules (0.2-0.4 mum).