(1) We have used the bivalent reagent 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDAC) to cross-link 125I-alpha-Btx (M(r) = 8 kDa) to Drosophila head membranes.
(2) The optimal conditions for toxoiding a pertussis toxin (PT) preparation with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide.HCl (EDAC) were determined.
(3) N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) slightly stimulates ATPase activity in both vacuole and protoplast suspensions, whereas ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide) (EDAC) strongly inhibits.
(4) An EDAC-toxoid also manifested no late histamine-sensitising activity.
(5) The synthesis was carried out by condensing on the complementary matrix two heptanucleotides, one of which possessed at the 3'-end a glycine residue, connected with the oligonucleotide by the phosphoramide bond, whereas the 5'-end phosphate group of the other was activated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDAC).
(6) The prime factor affecting the toxoiding of PT was the EDAC to protein ratio.
(7) EDAC-mediated inhibition of pullulan alpha 1-6-bond hydrolysis was relieved by amylose or pullulan.
(8) When the EDAC concentration used was sufficient (500 mM) to inactivate almost all of the opioid receptors, the modification was partly prevented by inclusion of high concentrations (100 microM) of opioid agonists ([D-Ala2, MePhe4, Glyol5]-enkephalin, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin,(+)-trans-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)- cyclohexyl]benzo(b)thiophene-4-acetamide hydrochloride), although they exhibited equal efficacy irrespective of their mu, delta or kappa type selectivity.
(9) Skeletal-muscle UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is inactivated by reaction with 2-ethoxy-N-(ethoxy-carbonyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl-3-ethylcarbodi-imide (EDAC), two reagents specific for carboxylate groups.
(10) Under this condition, however, cyclic photophosphorylation was much less sensitive to the inhibitors DBMIB, EDAC and antimycin A, but remained completely sensitive to DSPD and KCN.
(11) Ethylenediamine monocarbamate (synthetic EDAC) released [3H]-GABA from preloaded segments of ileum maintained in bicarbonate-free KPO or KHO solution containing amino-oxyacetic acid and beta-alanine, the release being sensitive to 3-mercaptopropionic acid which prevents GABA release.
(12) Water-soluble carbodiimide (EDAC) proved to be more efficient in the phosphate group activation than N-hydroxybenzotriazole ester (yields of substituted pyrophosphates 35-80 and 10-15% respectively).
(13) Cyclic photophosphorylation driven by white light, as followed by 14CO2 fixation by mesophyll chloroplast preparations of the C4 plant Digitaria sanguinalis, was specifically inhibited by disalicylidenepropanediamine (DSPD), antimycin A, 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB), 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDAC), and KCN suggesting that ferredoxin, cytochrome b563, plastoquinone, cytochrome f, and plastocyanin are obligatory intermediates of cyclic electron flow.
(14) We have used the soluble covalent cross-linking agent 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDAC) to examine the capacity of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate the dimerization of purified EGF receptor, of EGF receptor in membrane preparations and in intact A431 cells.
(15) Opioid receptors in membranes prepared from guinea-pig cerebellum were modified irreversibly by treatment with a water soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl,3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide (EDAC).
(16) 4 GABA-mimetic responses were induced by EDAC in the isolated ileum maintained in bicarbonate-free KPO solution, as was a delta-aminovalerate-sensitive depression of ileal twitch responses elicited by transmural stimulation, all of which were also sensitive to 3-mercaptopropionic acid.
(17) The data indicated that the use of EDAC for toxoiding PT in a B. pertussis extract is a simple and reproducible procedure and should be considered as a method for the production of acellular pertussis vaccines.
(18) An enantiospecific assay for biological material was developed that is based on chiral derivatization of PCA with N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDAC) and the primary amine S-FLOPA, a chiral coupling component for carboxylic acids derived from S-flunoxaprofen, followed by HPLC resolution.
(19) A ratio of 40-80: 1 EDAC to protein by weight was optimal for abolishing the acute toxicity, histamine-sensitising and leucocytosis-promoting activities associated with PT, whilst maintaining the antigenicity of the vaccine antigens.
(20) Modification with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodi-imide (EDAC) confirmed this view, and analysis of the order of reaction and inactivation kinetics suggested the presence of a single carboxy group at a catalytic centre of the active site.