(n.) The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth; effusion; outflow; as, the efflux of matter from an ulcer; the efflux of men's piety.
(n.) That which flows out; emanation; effluence.
(v. i.) To run out; to flow forth; to pass away.
Example Sentences:
(1) The Cao-dependent Na+ efflux was half-maximally activated by [Ca2+]o = 2.0 mM in LiSW and 7.2 mM in Tris-SW; at saturating [Ca2+]o, [Ca2+]i, and [Na+]i the maximal (calculated) Cao-dependent Na+ efflux was approximately 75 pmol#cm2.s.
(2) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(3) During both influx and efflux experiments the lenses of both groups released a small of proteins, but no difference found between the two groups.
(4) 3) The magnitude of K+ release is the ratio of two opposing mechanisms, a passive efflux and an active reuptake.
(5) The Kact for phenylephrine-stimulated elevation in [Ca2+]i on the monolayer is 0.51 microM, which is similar to the Kact of 0.90 microM observed for phenylephrine-activated 45Ca2+ efflux.
(6) These results suggest that (i) CE reduction is selective to HDL, (ii) FC transfer from plasma membrane to lipoprotein (cholesterol efflux) expressed by reduction in radioactive FC is not selective to HDL but occurs to other lipoproteins, (iii) the CE-reducing capacity of HDL became weaker when cellular binding of HDL was reduced by chemical modification with tetranitromethane or a chemical cross-linker, dithiobis-succinimidylpropionate, suggesting an importance of the specific binding in the HDL-mediated CE reduction.
(7) Thus biliary GSSG efflux, a frequently used index of oxidant stress, is not increased in vitamin E-deficient perfused livers compared with control.
(8) In darkness, raising the concentration of K in the fluid of perfusion gives an increase of the efflux of (86)Rb and increasing the extracellular concentration of Ca yields a retention.
(9) Glutamine efflux decreased equally, by about 50%, with the 3 concentrations of K+.
(10) The same experimental conditions that favored a large component of Cao-activated Na efflux also caused a large increase in Ca influx.
(11) The omission of glucose induced a marked increase in the efflux of [3H]GABA, which was antagonized by TTX (1 microM), but not by MK 801 (1 microM) or DNQX (100 microM).
(12) The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin as well as 8-bromo-cyclic AMP enhanced the electrically evoked release of 3H-noradrenaline and 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine from superfused rat neocortical slices and that of 3H-dopamine from neostriatal slices with comparable EC50's of about 0.5 and 50 microM, respectively, without affecting spontaneous tritium efflux.
(13) The efflux rate for EB of strains with duplicated ebr genes was twice the rate of strains with a single ebr gene.
(14) After 140 min the rate of efflux of NA radioactivity was significantly slower than that of the labelled marker.4.
(15) In addition to the colicin Ia-induced rapid efflux of preloaded rubidium, sodium, phosphate, or choline from liposomes, a slower efflux of preloaded sucrose or glucose 6-phosphate occurs.
(16) Veratridine also evoked a large efflux of [3H] from this preparation, but this release was only partially Ca2+ dependent.
(17) At 19 degrees C, sodium efflux values were more scattered after storage, but the mean value was not significantly different even after 4 hours.
(18) The calcium channel blockers 'DMDP' [N-3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-N-methyl-2-(2-naphthyl-m-dithane-2-prop ylamine)] and verapamil inhibited the active efflux of adriamycin from adriamycin-resistant P388 leukemia cells but had no effect on the drug-sensitive cell line.
(19) The model shows quantitative agreement with the fraction of MTX polyglutamates found still to be bound to reductase in MCF-7 cells following 24 h of efflux, and qualitative agreement with the time dependence of bound MTX-polyglutamate concentration profiles obtained on the ZR-75 breast cancer line.
(20) More recently, attention has also been focussed on bicarbonate transport in attempts to identify a possible role for this ion in enhancing the rate of net fluid efflux by proximal tubules.
Influx
Definition:
(n.) The act of flowing in; as, an influx of light.
(n.) A coming in; infusion; intromission; introduction; importation in abundance; also, that which flows or comes in; as, a great influx of goods into a country, or an influx of gold and silver.
(n.) Influence; power.
Example Sentences:
(1) An inflammatory process than occurs in the airways that is characterized by an influx of eosinophils and neutrophils into the airway epithelium and bronchial fluids.
(2) At its vanguard is the historic quarter of Barriera di Milano, which is being transformed by an influx of artists and galleries.
(3) During both influx and efflux experiments the lenses of both groups released a small of proteins, but no difference found between the two groups.
(4) It is concluded that a Na-H antiport system in vascular smooth muscle regulates Na influx rate, contributes to intracellular pH regulation and influences basal levels of Na,K-pump activity.
(5) beta-Adrenergic blockade and Ca2+ antagonists markedly suppressed Ca2+ influx, phospholipase A2 activity, phospholipase C activity and cell death.
(6) Since the effects of T3 on thymocyte adenylate cyclase activity, cAMP concentration, and 2-DG uptake occur subsequent to these effects on calcium metabolism and require the presence of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid, we suggest that an increase in [Ca2+]i, due at least partly to an influx of extracellular calcium, is the initiating event in these plasma membrane-mediated responses of the rat thymocyte to T3.
(7) These studies indicate that, in three models of acute liver injury, the net influx of calcium across the plasma membrane is increased early in the evolution of the injury before irreversible damage occurs.
(8) The same experimental conditions that favored a large component of Cao-activated Na efflux also caused a large increase in Ca influx.
(9) Intratracheal instillation of neutralizing concentrations of anti-TNF markedly reduced PMN influx measured at 4 hours but had no effect on PMN recruitment quantitated at 2 hours.
(10) This response seemed to be triggered mainly by the influx of Ca2+ through L-type Ca2+ channel activated by membrane depolarization, which was caused by the ATP-induced inward current.
(11) Addition of Ni2+ prior to TRH blunted the component of the TRH-induced transient increase in [Ca2+]i dependent on influx of Ca2+.
(12) Studies with 45Ca2+ showed that vasopressin both mobilised Ca2+ from intracellular stores and increased the influx of extracellular Ca2+ into A10 cells.
(13) The filling state of intracellular Ca2+ stores has been proposed to regulate Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane in a variety of tissues.
(14) Azide, but not iodoacetate (IAA), significantly depressed influx.
(15) Calcium channels, which play a primary role in the control of the calcium influx into cardiac cells, were initially studied by recording macroscopic currents in multicellular preparations.
(16) Inhibition of Ca influx and Ca current by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was studied in single synaptic terminals of isolated retinal bipolar neurons.
(17) From this, and previous studies indicating a dependency of contraction frequency on the inward verapamil-sensitive Na influx, it is suggested that the drugs modify the automaticity of this preparation by a primary influence on membrane Na exchange.
(18) But the release was also inhibited by the calmodulin antagonists, W-7 and mepacrine, suggesting that the influx of calcium in the permeabilized cells acts primarily through calmodulin-mediated enzyme activation.
(19) The appearance in aqueous humor of selected metabolites of arachidonic acid metabolism at various times was correlated with the influx of protein and myeloperoxidase activity in the iris-ciliary body.
(20) On the contrary the influx of Ca2+ during the first 5 s was not inhibited by any of the conditions indicated before, except by nisoldipine.