What's the difference between electrode and monopolar?
Electrode
Definition:
(n.) The path by which electricity is conveyed into or from a solution or other conducting medium; esp., the ends of the wires or conductors, leading from source of electricity, and terminating in the medium traversed by the current.
Example Sentences:
(1) After 1 year, anesthesia was induced with chloralose and an electrode catheter placed at the right ventricular apex.
(2) It is suitable either for brief sampling of AP durations when recording with microelectrodes, which may impale cells intermittently, or for continuous monitoring, as with suction electrodes on intact beating hearts in situ.
(3) Stimulation with these electrodes were effective for inducing voiding with little residual volume after the recovery of bladder reflexes, 3 weeks after experimental spinal cord injury in the dog.
(4) A second group was chronically implanted without electrical stimulation in one leg and implanted with cyclical electrical stimulation applied through the electrode in the other leg.
(5) Products formed during electrooxidation were monitored as the electrode potential was varied.
(6) Airway closure (CV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and the distribution of inspired gas (nitrogen washout delay percentage, NWOD %) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was measured by standard electrodes in eight extremely obese patients before and after weight loss (mean weights 142 and 94 kg, respectively) following intestinal shunt operation.
(7) Three cases with intermittent left bundle branch block were studied by means of an intracavitary electrode, which allowed the potential of the bundle of His to be measured, and was also used for the extrastimulus method of study.
(8) Among the epileptic patients investigated by the stereotactic E. E. G. (Talairach) whose electrodes were introduced at or around the auditory cortex (Area 41, 42), the topography of the auditory responses by the electrical bipolar stimulation and that of the auditory evoked potential by the bilateral click sound stimulation were studied in relation to the ac--pc line (Talairach).
(9) Extrapolating animal data to the neonates, we found the thoracic segment length recommended (the average of 29% of body length and electrode distance) to be accurate.
(10) Eight electrodes of different size and tip characteristics were evaluated at different temperatures and time settings, both in vitro and in vivo.
(11) The threshold of epileptic spiking varied inversely with the area of cortical damage inflicted by the electrode.
(12) Using four 4 cm electrodes at intervals of 1.5 cm in VX-2 carcinoma in the rabbit, ideal heating was obtained: 42 degrees C at the periphery of the tumor and 43 degrees C at the center.
(13) Animals were chronically implanted with epidural or deep recording electrodes and a cannula in one lateral ventricle, and tested whilst seated in a primate chair.
(14) CNV1 was recorded at the vertex while CNV3 was recorded at multiple electrode sites to assess topographical differences.
(15) The responses were compared when two electrode pairs were stimulated simultaneously with current pulses in phase and when the same electrodes were stimulated with current pulses inverted relative to each other.
(16) The dependence of neuronal reactions on the location of the stimulating electrode, and the intensity, frequency, and duration of stimulation was investigated in experiments on surviving sections of the neocortex of the guinea pig.
(17) Implanted electrodes received electrical potentials from selected muscles on the normal side.
(18) The next implanted device will have: a. constant current; b. programming of a particular current value for each electrode; and c. stimulation of the cochlear nerve through an extra cochlear electrode bearer, allowing deep implantation without deafness.
(19) When used in snail neurones such electrodes gave very similar pHi values to those recorded simultaneously by recessed-tip glass micro-electrodes.
(20) The possible use of impedance measurement with scalp electrodes to detect intracranial events non-invasively was investigated by measuring the localised impedance changes during cortical spreading depression (CSD) in anaesthetised rats.
Monopolar
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) The cells are predominantly monopolar, tightly packed, and are flattened at the outer border of the ring.
(2) The data shows the power (watts) delivered by the monopolar probe to be approximately six times that of the bipolar probe.
(3) Monopolar biphasic constant current pulses with variable pulse widths were used.
(4) Preoperatively, the CT characteristics of the proposed trajectory of the biopsy needle were determined and correlated intraoperatively with the impedance profile as obtained with a monopolar electrode.
(5) Afferent nerve activity is recorded with a monopolar platinum wire electrode from filaments of the mesenteric nerves that run between the artery and vein supplying the segment.
(6) The monopolar transvenous electrode is known in various types.
(7) Diazepam and medazepam exposure of immortal and low passage number cells resulted in the formation of monopolar mitotic spindles and subsequent metaphase arrest.
(8) Moreover, the growth cones of monopolar neurons, which are likely to be associated with the axonal processes, differed from those of multipolar neurons, which might be related to dendritic terminals.
(9) Surprisingly, the perikarya of both monopolar and bipolar LHRH neurons were significantly larger in hamsters that had been maintained on short days, as opposed to long days.
(10) A monopolar stimulus at a frequency of 50 Hz was found to produce the pressor response most effectively.
(11) Each monopolar spindle appears to be exactly half of a spindle because two of them can come together to form a functional bipolar spindle of normal appearance.
(12) Monopolar and bipolar phasic psychoses can be differentiated not only on the course but also on the symptom pattern.
(13) Regional myocardial PO2 was measured at two different sites using two pairs of monopolar polarographic needle electrodes; one inserted in the epicardial (EPI) layer, and the other in the endocardial (ENDO) layer.
(14) Premorbid personalities are studied in 65 monopolar endogennous depressives (ICD-Nos.
(15) 1642 catheters (implant and reimplant) have been used; principally endocardic (95%) and monopolar (85%).
(16) The most intense ACh-like reactivity was observed in monopolar neurons of the medulla externa and medulla interna.
(17) The mean pain threshold was also higher with bipolar than with monopolar stimulation, 16.0 microA (S.D.
(18) Monopolar forms in the cerebellum are inferred to be progenitors of Bergmann glia.
(19) As many as 38 patients with the bipolar and 70 patients with the monopolar types of affective psychosis manifesting at an age over 45 years were examined.
(20) Approximately twice the current was required to achieve a given response using the tripolar configuration as compared with monopolar stimulation.