(1) The stronger negative potentials may weaken electrostatic receptor interactions and, thereby, cause the trans(E)-isomers to be less active than cis(Z)-isomers.
(2) Insoluble collagen was found to bind electrostatically to chondromucoprotein.
(3) Molecular biology and electrophysiology have shown different mechanisms of action on this sodium channel, which depend on the chemical structure and electrostatic charge of the local anaesthetic molecule.
(4) This change may be related to observed alterations of electrostatic parameters of the enzyme (pK of the pH dependence of the enzyme activity, rate of inactivation by H2O2), although it preserves a high efficiency of dismutation at neutral pH.
(5) In this way a complete description is given of both the electrostatic and the dielectric properties of the enzyme.
(6) From the variation of Kd with ionic strength, it is inferred that (i) 85% of the heparin--inhibitor binding energy i due to electrostatic interactions, (ii) about seven ionic interactions are involved in heparin--inhibitor binding.
(7) These observations suggest the blocking by Mgi2+ of the large-conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel is mainly nonspecific, competitive with K+, and at least partially electrostatic in nature.
(8) This suggests that the red shift in the absorption maximum of SR-I (587 nm) compared with HR (578 nm) and BR (568 nm) is due to a reduction of the electrostatic interaction between the protonated Schiff base group and its protein counterion.
(9) An electrostatic copying machine was used to model the perception of simultaneous brightness contrast.
(10) This suggested that even minor interferences with the electrostatic equilibrium of the IgG3 by the binding of charged hapten molecules induced dramatic changes in the solubility of the IgG3 mAb at low temperature.
(11) The binding of charged ligands to proteins is one way of achieving an alteration in protein electrostatic charge.
(12) The complex is stabilised by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions.
(13) Approximately 14% of the binding energy is derived from electrostatic interactions.
(14) When framed by ET theory this pattern is fully understandable in terms of variations in reduction potentials and electrostatic interactions, caused by the protonation equilibria.
(15) These results indicate that the polypeptide chain, driven by energetics (nonbonded and electrostatic interactions), is folded into a typical left-handed twisted four-helix bundle with an approximately 4-fold symmetric array, as observed in most four alpha-helix proteins.
(16) Forces analogous to hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions probably participate in this process.
(17) The proposed model includes electrostatic contacts between conserved cytochrome b5 carboxylates Glu-44, Glu-48, Asp-60, and the exposed heme propionate with cytochrome P-450cam basic residues Lys-344, Arg-72, Arg-112, and Arg-364, respectively.
(18) Based on modelling considerations it was proposed that milk-clotting activity of chymosin is associated with electrostatic interactions of a charged segment His-Pro-His-Pro-His (98-102) of casein and the outer loop of the enzyme containing Glu-244,Asp-246 and Asp-248.
(19) The three-dimensional structures, molecular conformations, and electrostatic potentials of the R-E-, S-E-, R-Z-, and S-Z-isomers of 10-hydroxynortriptyline were examined by computer graphics, molecular mechanical energy calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations in vacuo and in aqueous solution.
(20) The precipitation of proteins with dextran sulphate or polyphosphates, which is due to electrostatic interaction, depends on the pH value and the electrolyte content of the solution.
Voltage
Definition:
(n.) Electric potential or potential difference, expressed in volts.
Example Sentences:
(1) RNAs encoding a wild-type (RBK1) and a mutant (RBK1(Y379V,V381T); RBK1*) subunit of voltage-dependent potassium channels were injected into Xenopus oocytes.
(2) Modulation of the voltage-gated K+ conductance in T-lymphocytes by substance P was examined.
(3) Serially sectioned rabbit foliate taste buds were examined with high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) and computer-assisted, three-dimensional reconstruction.
(4) In voltage-clamp experiments the ion current flowing through the channels was homogeneous indicating a defined conformation and a uniform size.
(5) They possess at least seven distinct voltage-activated conductances.
(6) The junctional currents were already constant 1 ms after step changes in the junctional voltage; this was three orders of magnitude faster than the other known examples of voltage-controlled gap junctions between embryonic cells.
(7) omega-Conotoxin GVIA is a peptide purified from the venom of the marine snail, Conus geographus, that specifically blocks voltage-sensitive calcium channels in neurons.
(8) Detailed voltage-clamp measurements revealed that ABA-activated ion currents could be reversed by depolarizations more positive than -10 mV.
(9) In contrast, the fast block by internal TEA+ appeared virtually independent of voltage.
(10) For those synapses that were close to the soma the time constant for decay for the non-NMDA component, which was voltage insensitive, ranged from 4-8 ms. 7.
(11) The open probability is weakly voltage dependent, large at zero and positive potentials (cytoplasm minus SR lumen), and decreasing at negative potentials.
(12) Using serial-sectioning techniques for conventional transmission and high-voltage electron microscopy, we characterized the ultrastructural features and synaptic contacts of the sensory cell in tentacles of Hydra.
(13) Using the rate coefficient values found by SCoPfit, we simulated a voltage-clamp experiment with both models running under their Na(+)-Na+ exchange mode, and we computed the transient currents generated following voltage steps in both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing directions from a basic potential of -40 mV.
(14) In contrast to the channel closing rate, the opening rate is relatively insensitive to voltage.
(15) [8(-14)C]Inosine monophosphate formed was separated by high-voltage electrophoresis and radioactivity was measured by liquid-scintillation counting.
(16) Acute in vitro application of ADH to mTAL from chronically treated animals induced a further small increase in voltage (22%).
(17) Halothane variably increased the current produced (and therefore the estimated oxygen tension) at all polarizing voltages in saline solution equilibrated with either N2 or air.
(18) According to the duration of filtered QRS (fQRS), to the voltage of root mean square of the terminal 40 ms (RMS 40) and to the duration of low amplitude terminal components of the sinus cycles, ventricular late potentials were detected in nine out of 29 subjects.
(19) omega-Conotoxin (0.1 microM), a potent blocker of N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, reduced by 50-70% the evoked release of both peptides.
(20) In a direct test of the hypothesis that the M2 coat protein of influenza A can function as a proton translocator, we incorporated a synthetic peptide containing its putative transmembrane domain into voltage-clamped planar lipid bilayers.