(n.) A disease of the skin, in which it become enormously thickened, and is rough, hard, and fissured, like an elephant's hide.
Example Sentences:
(1) Choroido-retinal degeneration, genital elephantiasis and hydrocoele, commonly associated with onchocerciasis in other parts of the Sudan, are absent.
(2) From 1960 to date, there have been four cases of elephantiasis penis in the urologic clinic of the Katharinenhospital in Stuttgart, which were operated on by skin transplantation.
(3) All of Goyrand's work was edited by Masson in 1870, including a superb case report of giant elephantiasis of the penis and scrotum, a study on cleft lip and the technique of using collodion bands to close large wounds [corrected].
(4) The author developed a microlymphatico-venous procedure to treat elephantiasis of the scrotum and applied it clinically with good results.
(5) Only two cases of leg elephantiasis and one breast elephantiasis were found.
(6) Larvae are responsible for damage to various structures of the lymphatic system (thrombo-lymphangitis, acute or granulomatous lymphadenitis...) into which they migrate, explaining the mechanism of elephantiasis.
(7) Clinical signs of disease with the exception of elephantiasis, showed good correlations with Mf-rates but not with MfD50 values.
(8) Sera from 50 patients with several clinical forms of the disease including asymptomatic carriers, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, elephantiasis, filarial fever and chyluria were analysed.
(9) In the irreversible lymphoedema (stage III) and in the elephantiasis (stage IV) the following operations have been developed: ligature of ectatic lymphtrunks, peripheral lymphovenous and lymphadenovenous shunts, skin-flap transplantations, free or pediculated transplantation of the greater omentum, lymphangioplastic operations (Thompson-operation) or excisional operations (Servelle-operation).
(10) Patients with elephantiasis seldom have circulating microfilariae in their blood.
(11) Thus, the ability to initiate the formation of obstructive lesions in the dilated lymphatics of chronically parasitized nude mice by immunological reconstitution, suggests that several complex mechanisms might operate in stages to cause filarial elephantiasis.
(12) An estimated 2500 to 40000 men suffering from hydroceles and 3700 to 40000 elephantiasis patients demonstrate that bancroftian filariasis has to be regarded a health problem in rural coastal Liberia.
(13) In Kakap 18% of 226 persons examined had a clinical history of filariasis and elephantiasis was seen in 13%.
(14) Analysis of the microfilarial densities at different ages and the number of anatomical sites showing lymph gland enlargement or elephantiasis have been used to provide evidence on the clustering of infections and pathogenesis.Although there is no evidence of clustering of risk of infection, there is evidence favouring the clustering of adult filariae in individuals.
(15) The diagnosis of elephantiasis nostras can often be made based on the clinical findings, but examination of tissue may be helpful to rule out associated conditions, especially malignancies.
(16) Lymphatic filariasis is expressed clinically as elephantiasis.
(17) In spite of a regular intravenous protein substitution for many years, this patient had developed a monstrous elephantiasis of the lower extremities.
(18) An elderly man had elephantiasis of a lower extremity that was partially covered with verrucose papules, but also had sharply delineated islands of normal-appearing skin.
(19) Whereas clinical descriptions of grotesque lymphedema and standard light microscopy in human filariasis have elucidated the natural progression of this disease, the link between the nematode and vascular abnormalities including elephantiasis remains poorly understood.
(20) A case of elephantiasis nostras in a lower limb is presented.
Proboscidea
Definition:
(n. pl.) An order of large mammals including the elephants and mastodons.
Example Sentences:
(1) Various pathways of development and different functional loading define existence of several modifications of the MSH: a) the medial part of the muscle develops (Didelphys, Rodentia, Insectivora, Proboscidea, Dama dama, Capreolus capreolus; b) the lateral part of the musculus develops (Lagomorpha, Canis lupus, Ursidae, Felidae, Pinnipedia, Cavicornia); c) both parts of the musculus develop, determining position of the m. digastricus between these two parts (Alces alces, Pseudaxis sica, Cervus elaphus, Macaca rhesus, Erythrocebus patas, Perissodastyla).
(2) In Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla and Proboscidea, the fibrinogen level was abnormal more often than the neutrophil count.
(3) Inspection of the amino acid differences among hemoglobin sequences of a wide range of mammalian species suggested that at alpha 19, alpha 110, alpha 111, beta 23, beta 44, and beta 56, synapomorphies group manatee (Trichechus inungius, Sirenia), Indian and African elephant (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana, Proboscidea), and rock hyrax (Procavia habessinica, Hyracoidea) into a monophyletic clade.
(4) Specific reactions were detected in the sera of representatives of Insectivora, Primates, Carnivora, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla.
(5) However, it was not detected in the serum of members of the orders Carnivora, Sirenia, Proboscidea, Artiodactyla, and Primates that were tested, nor in the serum of members of the order Rodentia other than in that of the genus Mus.
(6) It was found on examining thousands of alternative trees that to not group Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, and Sirenia in a monophyletic clade required at least four additional substitutions.
(7) Results obtained by parsimony analysis provide evidence for this grouping--and thus support for the genealogical validity of Simpson's superorder Paenungulata, which contains as the extant orders Proboscidea, Sirenia, and Hyracoidea.
(8) Taxeopody has often been interpreted as a synapomorphy reflecting a close phyletic link between Hyracoidea and Proboscidea, but recently it has been suggested [Fischer, M. S. (1986) Cour.