What's the difference between embryonic and planula?
Embryonic
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to an embryo; embryonal; rudimentary.
Example Sentences:
(1) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(2) It was found that the skeletal muscle enzyme of the chick embryo is independent of the presence of creatine and consequently is another constitutive enzyme like the creatine kinase of the early embryonic chick heart.
(3) Right orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for embryonal carcinoma had been performed 5 years earlier.
(4) Blocks of hippocampal tissue containing the fascia dentata were taken from late embryonic and newborn rats and transplanted to the hippocampal region of other newborn and young adult rats.
(5) In conclusion, autoimmune thyroiditis in an animal model can be prevented by reducing thyroidal iodine or its metabolism and optimal effects require intervention at the embryonic stage.
(6) On embryonic day 3.5 (E3.5), 1 day after surgery, there is a 42% average increase in volume of the polyganglia compared with the corresponding DRG on the unoperated side.
(7) Isoenzyme LDH4 was absent in the human pancreas in all the studied periods of embryonic development.
(8) The mRNA data of the developing gut correspond with previous protein data, which showed that the shorter Mr 210,000 polypeptide predominates during earlier developmental stages and the larger Mr 260,000 polypeptide appears later in the embryonic gut (Aufderheide, E., and P. Ekblom.
(9) Almost nothing is known about nature and timing of the embryonic cues which induce or initiate spicule formation by these cells.
(10) Implantation is dependent on embryonic age and is independent of endometrial maturation within this window.
(11) The junctional currents were already constant 1 ms after step changes in the junctional voltage; this was three orders of magnitude faster than the other known examples of voltage-controlled gap junctions between embryonic cells.
(12) Zona pellucida solubility, plasminogen activator production, and plasminogen conversion to plasmin increased as embryonic stage advanced; however, plasminogen activator production and plasmin conversion to plasmin were poorly correlated with zona pellucida solubility.
(13) He fashioned alliances with France in the 1950s, and planted the seeds for Israel’s embryonic electronics and aircraft industries.
(14) Both kinds of experiments show that 1, 25-(OH)2D3 has effects on embryonic bone which are typical for high concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
(15) p50B is able to form heteromeric kappa B-binding complexes with RelB, as well as with p65 and p50, the two subunits of NF-kappa B. Transient-transfection experiments in embryonal carcinoma cells demonstrate a functional cooperation between p50B and RelB or p65 in transactivation of a reporter plasmid dependent on a kappa B site.
(16) At the adult neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are highly localized at the subsynaptic membrane, whereas, embryonic myotubes before innervation have receptors distributed over the entire surface.
(17) Embryonal carcinomas were found in 15 tumours, two being of pure type and the remaining 13 a part of mixed tumours.
(18) A large portion of the N-terminal globule of human collagen VI was prepared from the culture medium of stably transfected human embryonic kidney cell clones.
(19) The tissues were derived from the three germ layers and were prevalently mature; only a bit of them was represented by embryonic mesenchymal tissue.
(20) Phosphotyrosine-modified proteins were also abundant in and highly restricted to the process-rich layers of the embryonic optic tectum.
Planula
Definition:
(n.) In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.
(n.) The very young, free-swimming larva of the coelenterates. It usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered with cilia.
Example Sentences:
(1) Adult specimens of Astrangia danae (Agassiz) and settled planulae of Porites porites (Pallas) contain crystals averaging 0.7 mu by 0.1 mu by 0.3 mu within Golgi-derived vesicles.
(2) Planulae processed with the SPG histofluorescence technique, specific only for catecholamines, exhibited blue-green fluorophores which were most prominent in the anterior ectoderm.
(3) Exposure of planulae to exogenous norepinephrine caused premature, rapid metamorphosis and produced polyps with slightly stunted tentacles and pitted, irregular hypostomes.
(4) Exposure of planulae to nicotine caused similar effects.
(5) RFamide antiserum bound a subset of ganglionic cells in the anterior and upper middle regions of the planula and a few ganglionic cells in the upper tail region.
(6) During gastrulation, the cnidocytes are Incorporated intO the ectoderm and become an integral part of the planula.
(7) Pretreatment of planulae with neuropharmacological agents which prevent reuptake (reserpine) or cause release (nicotine, ephedrine) of catecholamines caused a diminution of the fluorophores.
(8) The early embryonic development of Hydractinia lasts about 2.5 days until the developing planula larva acquires competence for metamorphosis.
(9) Using the same technique the reappearance of RFamide-positive ganglionic cells in epithelial tissue of chimeric grafts of planulae was observed.
(10) However, planulae raised in sea water containing propranolol, a beta blocker, ceased all movement, became tack-shaped and died within 72 h. These results meet multiple criteria for the identification of catecholamines in hydrozoan planulae and suggest that such catecholamines may function as neurotransmitters, neurohormones or neuromodulators during larval development.
(11) Ultrastructural examination of reserpine-treated planulae revealed a dramatic reduction in the populations of dense-cored vesicles and electron-dense droplets.
(12) Rearing planulae in sea water containing alpha blockers, phentolamine and tolazoline, had no discernible effect on behaviour (motility, phototactic response) or gross morphology.
(13) Planula larvae of Halocordyle disticha were examined for the presence of catecholamines using a multipronged approach.
(14) In non-metamorphosing planula larvae, PAF triggered the differentiation of nerve cells that normally develop only upon initiation of metamorphosis and that occur in the polyp stage.
(15) Stained repopulated ganglionic cells always formed in the same position in the epithelial tissue as was observed in control planulae suggesting that the expression of RFamide-like substances may be position dependent in the planula.
(16) A suggestion is put forward that at the final phase of larval development a special RNA is synthesized which participates in the genetically determined control of the complicated morphogenetic phenomenon of attachment and transformation of the planula in polyp.