What's the difference between emodin and purgative?
Emodin
Definition:
(n.) An orange-red crystalline substance, C15H10O5, obtained from the buckthorn, rhubarb, etc., and regarded as a derivative of anthraquinone; -- so called from a species of rhubarb (Rheum emodei).
Example Sentences:
(1) From lettuce and string beans quercetin was isolated (after chemical hydrolysis) and in rhubarb emodin, an anthraquinon, was detected.
(2) Isolation of emodin in small amounts supports previous evidence that it is an intermediate in secalonic acid biosynthesis.
(3) The mechanism of action of aloe-emodin-9-anthrone, a decomposition product of barbaloin, in causing a significant increase in the water content of the rat large intestine, was investigated.
(4) The bacterium grew in PYF broth containing barbaloin and converted barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone.
(5) The anthraquinones danthron, doxorubicin and emodin were poorly metabolized in this system.
(6) Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of di-, tri- and tetrahydroxylated anthraquinones (IC50 values 2 to 53 microM), the most potent inhibitors being the more polar compounds, namely mitoxantrone (IC50 2 microM) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) (IC50 8 microM).
(7) At 2.3 h after oral administration of sennoside C, nearly equimolar amounts of aloe-emodin anthrone and rhein anthrone were detected in the large intestine of mice.
(8) These two effects on energy transduction in cytoplasmic membranes explain the antibiotic properties of emodin and emodinanthrone.
(9) In the presence of emodin (10(-6) to 3 x 10(-5) M), the proliferative response was reduced in a dose-dependent manner.
(10) Chrysophanol, islandicin, iridoskyrin, and emodin were inactive as mutagens or as antibacterial agents.
(11) The potential role of highly oxygenated metabolites in mycotoxicosis was emphasized by the establishment of secalonic acids A and D. emodin, moniliformin, altenuisiol alternariol and austdiol as toxins.
(12) Several biologically active substances, such as aloenin (1), magnesium lactate, aloe-emodin (4), barbaloin (5), and succinic acid, were found to be contained in the leaf juice of Aloe arborescens Mill.
(13) Chrysophanic acid, aloe-emodin, and sennosides A and B did not possess activity against any of the viruses tested.
(14) The results showed that aloe emodin inactivated all of the viruses tested except adenovirus and rhinovirus.
(15) The crude extracts and emodin induced a dose-dependent decrease in the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2).
(16) Emodin dose dependently relaxed isolated vascular rings of human internal mammary artery and saphenous vein, rabbit thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta and mesenteric artery, and rat thoracic aorta.
(17) Emodin and scoparone, the active principles isolated from Polygonum multiflorum and Artemisia scoparia, respectively, both exhibit vasorelaxant and immunosuppressive effects.
(18) It is concluded that the mutagenicity of emodin is due to a chemically stable, oxidized metabolite forming physico-chemical associations with DNA, possibly of the intercalative type.
(19) Also, nojirimycin bisulfite completely inhibited the transformation of barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone.
(20) Among several hydroxylated metabolites of emodin, a fungal anthraquinone and constituent of rhubarb, 2-hydroxyemodin was a direct-acting mutagen showing a large electron-spin resonance (ESR) signal in the presence of DNA, especially at alkaline pH.
Purgative
Definition:
(a.) Having the power or quality of purging; cathartic.
(n.) A purging medicine; a cathartic.
Example Sentences:
(1) The timely discovery of the cause of the disease leads to the discontinuance of the use of diuretics and purgatives and to complete recovery.
(2) The effectiveness of short-term, low-dose, preoperative oral administration of neomycin and erythromycin base combined with vigorous purgation in reducing the incidence of wound infections and other septic complications of elective colon and rectal operations has been studied in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.
(3) These results agree with recent observations on the effects of senna in rats and mice, and do not support earlier claims that myenteric neurons are killed by anthraquinone purgatives.
(4) This paper reported the results of clinical observation on a treatment with Semen Persical decoction for purgation with addition (SPDPA) in type II diabetes mellitus.
(5) E. hortense adult worms were recovered from one patient after a treatment and purgation.
(6) The standard preparation for cleansing the colon usually involves dietary restrictions, purgatives, and enemas.
(7) The purgative activities of 18 different dihydroxyanthracene derivatives, including free anthraquinones and anthrones, were investigated by determining their influence on the water, sodium and potassium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract by direct injection of the solutions in Tyrode to the rat colon in situ.
(8) Some cultural groups also have a tradition of giving purgatives to the newborn, a practice which exacerbates the dehydration effects of not breastfeeding.
(9) Rats and mice were given purgative doses of sennosides in their drinking water for 4 and 5 months, respectively.
(10) These actions can lead to a new dark age of "chemotherapeutic blood letting and purgatives" under the guise of higher ethical purposes.
(11) Poor prognosis was most commonly linked to use of purgatives.
(12) 140 patients were prepared with conventional enema and purgatives and a Neomycin-metronidazole prophylaxis.
(13) Compared to women who had never used purgatives, current purgative users were 4.1 times more likely to smoke (44% vs 11%) and 2.7 times as likely to use drugs (33% vs 12%).
(14) Purgatives, emetics, opium, cinchona bark, camphor, potassium nitrate and mercury were among the most widely used drugs.
(15) Purgation was induced by oral administration of arecoline and the purge examined for cestodes.
(16) From pseudocarps of R. wichuraiana, three quercetin glycosides, isoquercitrin, hyperin and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronide were isolated similarly, but no purgative components of R. multiflora were detected.
(17) The prevalence of binge-eating more than once a week, together with self-induced vomiting or purgative use, was 3.6% in the nursing school students, 2.1% in the college women, and 2.9% in the total sample.
(18) In many groups, substitute prelacteal feeds were given, while in others, practices such as the use of purgatives exacerbated the risk of dehydration in the infant.
(19) In mice experimentally invaded by H. nana it was shown that the water extraction of breadfruit tree substance is rather less effective than its ethanol extraction and has some purgative action, which increases the therapeutic effect.
(20) Twenty percent had at some time used diet pills, but only 4% were currently users; 13% had at some time used purgatives (vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics), but only 5% were current users.