(n.) The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge by observation and experiment.
(n.) Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; ignorant and unscientific practice; charlatanry; quackery.
(n.) The philosophical theory which attributes the origin of all our knowledge to experience.
Example Sentences:
(1) Whether it was Sénac or Wenckebach who first observed that quinine could change an irregular heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation) into a regular one (sinus rhythm), we are not far from their empiricism.
(2) The diversity of opinions among participants suggests a high level of empiricism in the development of ulcer healing drugs apart from those that inhibit acid secretion.
(3) Phlebology has made considerable efforts to free itself from empiricism in recent years.
(4) The authors urge that patients suffering from from facial paralysis should be referred to O.-R.-L. departments right from the start and not when all other methods of treatment have been tried, often with reprehensible empiricism, and found unsuccessful.
(5) At best, therefore, such reports are fraught with empiricism, illustrating only the experiences of individual clinicians.
(6) Advances made in recent years bring up the question of knowing whether or not logic is near to replacing empiricism.
(7) In Keynes' model, saving was a positive function of income, and, from both cross-section studies and casual empiricism, it was obvious that the savings ratio rose as income increased.
(8) A review of microcirculatory model useds, theoretical approaches to decompression, and order of magnitude calculations indicates that present empiricisms are inadequate for predicting such supersaturation phenomena.
(9) A review of antimicrobial drug trials shows that empiricism is still ahead of science and more studies are needed both to justify current practice and to make future changes logical.
(10) This empiricism probably arises from inadequate understanding of processes of mucosal injury and repair.
(11) This eliminates much of the empiricism of our preceding model, and minimizes the number of experimental runs now required in order to apply the model in practice.
(12) This form of evaluation provides specific information about fetal red blood cell antigen status and the degree of fetal anemia at an earlier gestational age than that validated by the Liley curves and eliminates empiricism from both the diagnosis and treatment of the isoimmunized pregnancy.
(13) The therapeutic possibilities for psoriasis are multiple; they are based on experience and on empiricism and are harmless for the patient, or on the known pharmacodynamic action which limit their use.
(14) The belief that propositions should be consistent with facts – empiricism – is far from universally held, let alone practised.
(15) The major perspectives in the scientific mode, namely, mechanism, empiricism, logical positivism, and logical empiricism, were analyzed along the three dimensions of theory development, sources of knowledge, and methodology.
(16) Based on philosophical concepts of logical empiricism which had been established in philosophy at the beginning of our century the operational psychiatric diagnosis was developed.
(17) An understanding of the basic principles can remove most of the empiricism from freeze-drying and lead to more efficient process cycles and to products of superior quality and stability.
(18) Freud himself had tried to reject classifications of psychoanalysis as a non- or pseudoscience by maintaining a sort of foundationist empiricism, which is philosophically problematic in several respects.
(19) In accordance with Freud's own conception of a theory of the unconscious, philosophy of science has discussed psychoanalysis mainly in terms of classical empiricism and foundationism.
(20) The authors examine and critique the methodological underpinnings and programmatic goals of DSM-III's underlying doctrine--strict empiricism.
Phenomenology
Definition:
(n.) A description, history, or explanation of phenomena.
Example Sentences:
(1) Lazarus' phenomenological theory of stress and coping provided the basis for this descriptive study of perceived threats after myocardial infarction (MI).
(2) The phenomenology of various protrusions, including fimbria, is described, and the effect of cultivation conditions (continuous culture, periodic culture) and growth phases on their emergence was elucidated.
(3) According to this explanation, aspects of the situation are phenomenologically more salient for actors, whereas characteristics of the actor and his behavior are more salient for observers.
(4) The main phenomenological differences between hypochondriasis and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder have been interpreted as expressive of the lower and higher levels of intrapsychic integration respectively.
(5) The nosological and conceptual controversies differentiating bilateral ballismus as a phenomenological entity are reviewed.
(6) In this review, the basic phenomenology of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is summarized and some speculations are advanced about possible molecular mechanisms.
(7) The picture presented by this sample of outpatient alcoholics appears to qualify some currently held assumptions of the influence of family history on the phenomenology of alcoholism.
(8) It is suggested that a theory similar to the phenomenological theory which accounts for the fly's gaze may account for the human eye's movement during an observation of Müller-Lyer figures.
(9) In phenomenological terms, the luminal Ba++-dependent blockade of the transcellular conductance exhibited negative cooperativity.
(10) Phenomenological equations are represented in the form of an equivalent electrical circuit that can be used to deduce testable relations among measurable quantities.
(11) An attempt was made to construct and validate a questionnaire measure of hypnotic-like experiences based on Shor's (1979) 8-dimension phenomenological analysis of hypnosis.
(12) Cerebrospinal fluid from 31 normals and two groups of phenomenologically similar schizophrenics (n = 72) were collected by identical methods.
(13) It is argued that approaches to phenomenology and psychopathology cannot be immune from any conceptual reconfiguration of normal mental life which might occur.
(14) Phenomenology, incidence, etiology, differential diagnosis and therapy are exhibited.
(15) The interviews were analyzed and synthesized to (1) derive the structure of the experience through phenomenological analysis and (2) identify stress and coping themes through content analysis.
(16) Thoughts on the development of anorexia nervosa relevant to the family situation described in our example follow the phenomenological presentation.
(17) These data are in good agreement with laboratory results, as are derived data on phenomenological coefficients and thermodynamic coupling coefficients (LNa = 80, 128; LNa,r = 4.4; Lr = 0.27, 0.58; q = 0.50, 0.90, depending on the chosen model parameters).
(18) The paper proposes that in post-behaviouristic and post-phenomenological times an integration of frames of reference, designs and methodologies ought to be attempted, notwithstanding serious dissonances, disagreements, and professions-bound interests.
(19) Emphasis is given to indicating how order is accomplished through linking disease with phenomenological domains that are remote from the biophysical locus of sickness.
(20) Psychopathologic, psychoanalytic, and phenomenological currents have inserted it into a three dimensional space by clarifying its psychopathogenic progress connected with the environment.