(n.) The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge by observation and experiment.
(n.) Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; ignorant and unscientific practice; charlatanry; quackery.
(n.) The philosophical theory which attributes the origin of all our knowledge to experience.
Example Sentences:
(1) Whether it was Sénac or Wenckebach who first observed that quinine could change an irregular heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation) into a regular one (sinus rhythm), we are not far from their empiricism.
(2) The diversity of opinions among participants suggests a high level of empiricism in the development of ulcer healing drugs apart from those that inhibit acid secretion.
(3) Phlebology has made considerable efforts to free itself from empiricism in recent years.
(4) The authors urge that patients suffering from from facial paralysis should be referred to O.-R.-L. departments right from the start and not when all other methods of treatment have been tried, often with reprehensible empiricism, and found unsuccessful.
(5) At best, therefore, such reports are fraught with empiricism, illustrating only the experiences of individual clinicians.
(6) Advances made in recent years bring up the question of knowing whether or not logic is near to replacing empiricism.
(7) In Keynes' model, saving was a positive function of income, and, from both cross-section studies and casual empiricism, it was obvious that the savings ratio rose as income increased.
(8) A review of microcirculatory model useds, theoretical approaches to decompression, and order of magnitude calculations indicates that present empiricisms are inadequate for predicting such supersaturation phenomena.
(9) A review of antimicrobial drug trials shows that empiricism is still ahead of science and more studies are needed both to justify current practice and to make future changes logical.
(10) This empiricism probably arises from inadequate understanding of processes of mucosal injury and repair.
(11) This eliminates much of the empiricism of our preceding model, and minimizes the number of experimental runs now required in order to apply the model in practice.
(12) This form of evaluation provides specific information about fetal red blood cell antigen status and the degree of fetal anemia at an earlier gestational age than that validated by the Liley curves and eliminates empiricism from both the diagnosis and treatment of the isoimmunized pregnancy.
(13) The therapeutic possibilities for psoriasis are multiple; they are based on experience and on empiricism and are harmless for the patient, or on the known pharmacodynamic action which limit their use.
(14) The belief that propositions should be consistent with facts – empiricism – is far from universally held, let alone practised.
(15) The major perspectives in the scientific mode, namely, mechanism, empiricism, logical positivism, and logical empiricism, were analyzed along the three dimensions of theory development, sources of knowledge, and methodology.
(16) Based on philosophical concepts of logical empiricism which had been established in philosophy at the beginning of our century the operational psychiatric diagnosis was developed.
(17) An understanding of the basic principles can remove most of the empiricism from freeze-drying and lead to more efficient process cycles and to products of superior quality and stability.
(18) Freud himself had tried to reject classifications of psychoanalysis as a non- or pseudoscience by maintaining a sort of foundationist empiricism, which is philosophically problematic in several respects.
(19) In accordance with Freud's own conception of a theory of the unconscious, philosophy of science has discussed psychoanalysis mainly in terms of classical empiricism and foundationism.
(20) The authors examine and critique the methodological underpinnings and programmatic goals of DSM-III's underlying doctrine--strict empiricism.
Positivism
Definition:
(n.) A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste Comte, which deals only with positives. It excludes from philosophy everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things, together with their invariable relations of coexistence and succession, as occurring in time and space. Such relations are denominated laws, which are to be discovered by observation, experiment, and comparison. This philosophy holds all inquiry into causes, both efficient and final, to be useless and unprofitable.
Example Sentences:
(1) Immediate postpartum IUD and sterilization acceptors with fluke infestation were recruited as a comparison (control) group for the fluke-positiv DMPA acceptors.
(2) First, normal psychological experience, with feelings of guilt, reproach, stability, indifference; deeper awareness is suppressed with the aid of forms of defense such as scientific objectivism, positivism, and reductionism.
(3) Song of the summer was Waterloo Sunset by the Kinks, with its odd blend of keening melancholy and positivism.
(4) The second central assumption of positivism is that these "facts" are explainable or determined by general casual laws.
(5) The coronary angiographic findings and the in-hospital prognosis of unstable angina pectoris presenting with T wave positivization only (group A: 32 patients) or with additional ST segment elevation (group B: 27 patients) were evaluated.
(6) Variety of learning approach was seen as limited with a tendency towards positivism rather than relativism of knowledge.
(7) Psychologists' initial response was to retreat into positivism, thereby further limiting psychology's relevance and scope.
(8) This approach, labeled "substantive theorizing", is intended as a constructive response to recent critiqies of the logical positivism paradigm.
(9) Three trends within philosophy are delineated--positivism, hermeneutics, and a synthetic position.
(10) The incidence of chest pain and of ST-segment elevation or depression or T-wave positivization was similar during the two tests; however, spontaneous remission of ischaemia was more frequent after HV than after E and ventricular arrhythmias less frequent during the HV test.
(11) The major perspectives in the scientific mode, namely, mechanism, empiricism, logical positivism, and logical empiricism, were analyzed along the three dimensions of theory development, sources of knowledge, and methodology.
(12) In postmenopausal osteoporosis, CT, analogous to estrogens, determines increase of bone mass, improvement of intestinal calcium absorption and a positivization of calcium balance.
(13) Most studies of disease distribution, in medical geography and other related disciplines, have been empirical in nature and rooted in the assumptions of logical positivism.
(14) In this connection I have used the term 'positivism' to refer to a general orientation according to which the world can only be known through observable entities, and regularities may be demonstrated and general laws verified through their measurement and quantification.
(15) The psychotherapist accepts the psychotic experiences of his patients in order to transform them through his identification with them, resulting in the positivization of psychopathology.
(16) Prolonged administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) in patients suffering from osteoporosis or Paget's disease leads to a positive calcium balance together with positivization of the calcium balance may mean an ins, intestinal absorption of calcium was evaluated directly with the oral rrotic patients; 6 months treatment with NaF led to a significant imprt is difficult to say how this finding is connected with the drug's actide apatite crystals; the crystals' greater stability probably leads to greater resistance of fluorated bone to the action of parathormone, thus bring on hypocalcaemia which homeostatically stimulates parathyroid hyperiirect pointer to parathyroid hyperincretion.
(17) The moral-philosophical counterpart to the antagonism: positivism versus hermeneutics is found in the dualism: determinism versus indeterminism.
(18) No re-positivation was noted in the second year of the follow-up.
(19) Engraftment took place but, later, an explosive upsurge of viral disease occurred with encephalitis, positivation of the P24 antigen, proliferation of opportunistic infections and an increase of the IgG level.
(20) Thus, diagnostic investigation does not follow the paradigm of quantitative scientific method, rooted on the logic positivism, which dominates medical research and education.