(n.) The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge by observation and experiment.
(n.) Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; ignorant and unscientific practice; charlatanry; quackery.
(n.) The philosophical theory which attributes the origin of all our knowledge to experience.
Example Sentences:
(1) Whether it was Sénac or Wenckebach who first observed that quinine could change an irregular heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation) into a regular one (sinus rhythm), we are not far from their empiricism.
(2) The diversity of opinions among participants suggests a high level of empiricism in the development of ulcer healing drugs apart from those that inhibit acid secretion.
(3) Phlebology has made considerable efforts to free itself from empiricism in recent years.
(4) The authors urge that patients suffering from from facial paralysis should be referred to O.-R.-L. departments right from the start and not when all other methods of treatment have been tried, often with reprehensible empiricism, and found unsuccessful.
(5) At best, therefore, such reports are fraught with empiricism, illustrating only the experiences of individual clinicians.
(6) Advances made in recent years bring up the question of knowing whether or not logic is near to replacing empiricism.
(7) In Keynes' model, saving was a positive function of income, and, from both cross-section studies and casual empiricism, it was obvious that the savings ratio rose as income increased.
(8) A review of microcirculatory model useds, theoretical approaches to decompression, and order of magnitude calculations indicates that present empiricisms are inadequate for predicting such supersaturation phenomena.
(9) A review of antimicrobial drug trials shows that empiricism is still ahead of science and more studies are needed both to justify current practice and to make future changes logical.
(10) This empiricism probably arises from inadequate understanding of processes of mucosal injury and repair.
(11) This eliminates much of the empiricism of our preceding model, and minimizes the number of experimental runs now required in order to apply the model in practice.
(12) This form of evaluation provides specific information about fetal red blood cell antigen status and the degree of fetal anemia at an earlier gestational age than that validated by the Liley curves and eliminates empiricism from both the diagnosis and treatment of the isoimmunized pregnancy.
(13) The therapeutic possibilities for psoriasis are multiple; they are based on experience and on empiricism and are harmless for the patient, or on the known pharmacodynamic action which limit their use.
(14) The belief that propositions should be consistent with facts – empiricism – is far from universally held, let alone practised.
(15) The major perspectives in the scientific mode, namely, mechanism, empiricism, logical positivism, and logical empiricism, were analyzed along the three dimensions of theory development, sources of knowledge, and methodology.
(16) Based on philosophical concepts of logical empiricism which had been established in philosophy at the beginning of our century the operational psychiatric diagnosis was developed.
(17) An understanding of the basic principles can remove most of the empiricism from freeze-drying and lead to more efficient process cycles and to products of superior quality and stability.
(18) Freud himself had tried to reject classifications of psychoanalysis as a non- or pseudoscience by maintaining a sort of foundationist empiricism, which is philosophically problematic in several respects.
(19) In accordance with Freud's own conception of a theory of the unconscious, philosophy of science has discussed psychoanalysis mainly in terms of classical empiricism and foundationism.
(20) The authors examine and critique the methodological underpinnings and programmatic goals of DSM-III's underlying doctrine--strict empiricism.
Rationalism
Definition:
(n.) The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or opposed to, revelation.
(n.) The system that makes rational power the ultimate test of truth; -- opposed to sensualism, or sensationalism, and empiricism.
Example Sentences:
(1) Our data suggest that a rational use of surveillance cultures and serological tests may aid in an earlier diagnosis of FI in BMT patients.
(2) Consensual but rationally weak criteria devised to extract inferences of causality from such results confirm the generic inadequacy of epidemiology in this area, and are unable to provide definitive scientific support to the perceived mandate for public health action.
(3) We are the generation who saw the war,, who ate bread received with ration cards.
(4) The yeasts amounts used did not protect the test animals from the kidney infiltration with lipids and cholesterol; 12 g of yeasts per 100 g of the ration promoted elevation of sialic acid content in the blood plasma.
(5) Spontaneous reports of suspected adverse reactions may be the only way of revealing very rare events but they present great difficulties of rational interpretation.
(6) The rational surgical methods of treatment in 85 patients with suppurative hepatic echinococcosis penetrating into the abdomen cavity are presented.
(7) Knowledge of these lesions could form the basis for establishing a useful and rational therapy for such cases.
(8) It seams rational to proceed to an earlier total correction in these cases when well defined criteria are fullfilled, as the mortality figures of the palliative and corrective procedures have a tendency to reach each other: (3,2 versus 5,7%).
(9) --The influence of the digestibility of the energy in the ration on the energetic retention effect of BFC is small.
(10) The length of delay is determined by unconscious, non-rational processes, and other factors beyond her control.
(11) But it can be a more rational and better developed approach to long-term care based on the experience and knowledge we have gained in the past 50 years.
(12) The authors further show how test results can be used rationally by clinicians by so-called threshold analysis.
(13) The aetiology remains at present uncertain and therefore rational therapeutic strategies are difficult to plan.
(14) The origin of these substances is unknown, but these findings provide a rational basis for trials of benzodiazepine-receptor antagonists in the management of this disorder.
(15) We reviewed our experience with 245 thyroidectomies to define the spectrum of hypocalcemia, elucidate the mechanisms of hypocalcemia, and formulate a rational basis for its management.
(16) The data obtained can be useful when choosing a rational method for the therapy of gastric scretory disorders.
(17) Willie Spies, its legal representative, said: "Rationality has to return to the debate.
(18) A 35-kg Duroc pig died 3 days after eating a ration containing aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2.
(19) In a Europe (including Britain) where austerity has become the economic dogma of the elite in spite of massive evidence that it is choking growth and worsening the very sickness it claims to heal, there are plenty of rational, sensible arguments for taking to the streets.
(20) The resolution of the cellular events which underlie the development of pancreatitis in combination with the introduction of new therapeutic agents may enable a rational and safe protocol to be developed for the support of patients with pancreatitis.