(n.) The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge by observation and experiment.
(n.) Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; ignorant and unscientific practice; charlatanry; quackery.
(n.) The philosophical theory which attributes the origin of all our knowledge to experience.
Example Sentences:
(1) Whether it was Sénac or Wenckebach who first observed that quinine could change an irregular heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation) into a regular one (sinus rhythm), we are not far from their empiricism.
(2) The diversity of opinions among participants suggests a high level of empiricism in the development of ulcer healing drugs apart from those that inhibit acid secretion.
(3) Phlebology has made considerable efforts to free itself from empiricism in recent years.
(4) The authors urge that patients suffering from from facial paralysis should be referred to O.-R.-L. departments right from the start and not when all other methods of treatment have been tried, often with reprehensible empiricism, and found unsuccessful.
(5) At best, therefore, such reports are fraught with empiricism, illustrating only the experiences of individual clinicians.
(6) Advances made in recent years bring up the question of knowing whether or not logic is near to replacing empiricism.
(7) In Keynes' model, saving was a positive function of income, and, from both cross-section studies and casual empiricism, it was obvious that the savings ratio rose as income increased.
(8) A review of microcirculatory model useds, theoretical approaches to decompression, and order of magnitude calculations indicates that present empiricisms are inadequate for predicting such supersaturation phenomena.
(9) A review of antimicrobial drug trials shows that empiricism is still ahead of science and more studies are needed both to justify current practice and to make future changes logical.
(10) This empiricism probably arises from inadequate understanding of processes of mucosal injury and repair.
(11) This eliminates much of the empiricism of our preceding model, and minimizes the number of experimental runs now required in order to apply the model in practice.
(12) This form of evaluation provides specific information about fetal red blood cell antigen status and the degree of fetal anemia at an earlier gestational age than that validated by the Liley curves and eliminates empiricism from both the diagnosis and treatment of the isoimmunized pregnancy.
(13) The therapeutic possibilities for psoriasis are multiple; they are based on experience and on empiricism and are harmless for the patient, or on the known pharmacodynamic action which limit their use.
(14) The belief that propositions should be consistent with facts – empiricism – is far from universally held, let alone practised.
(15) The major perspectives in the scientific mode, namely, mechanism, empiricism, logical positivism, and logical empiricism, were analyzed along the three dimensions of theory development, sources of knowledge, and methodology.
(16) Based on philosophical concepts of logical empiricism which had been established in philosophy at the beginning of our century the operational psychiatric diagnosis was developed.
(17) An understanding of the basic principles can remove most of the empiricism from freeze-drying and lead to more efficient process cycles and to products of superior quality and stability.
(18) Freud himself had tried to reject classifications of psychoanalysis as a non- or pseudoscience by maintaining a sort of foundationist empiricism, which is philosophically problematic in several respects.
(19) In accordance with Freud's own conception of a theory of the unconscious, philosophy of science has discussed psychoanalysis mainly in terms of classical empiricism and foundationism.
(20) The authors examine and critique the methodological underpinnings and programmatic goals of DSM-III's underlying doctrine--strict empiricism.
Reliable
Definition:
(a.) Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependance or reliance; trustworthy.
Example Sentences:
(1) An effective graft-surveillance protocol needs to be applicable to all patients; practical in terms of time, effort, and cost; reliable; and able to detect, grade, and assess progression of lesions.
(2) It was found that linear extrapolations of log k' versus ET(30) plots to the polarity of unmodified aqueous mobile phase gave a more reliable value of log k'w than linear regressions of log k' versus volume percent.
(3) This would disrupt and prevent Isis from maintaining stable and reliable sources of income.
(4) A beta-adrenergic receptor cDNA cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector reliably induces high levels of beta-adrenergic receptor expression in 2-12% of COS cell colonies transfected with this plasmid after experimental conditions are optimized.
(5) Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated rat spleen cells were identified as a reliable source of rat burst-promoting activity (PBA), which permitted development of a reproducible assay for rat bone marrow erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E).
(6) The results suggest that RPE cannot be used reliably as a surrogate for direct pulse measurement in exercise training of persons with acute dysvascular amputations.
(7) Data collection at the old hospital for comparison, however, was not always reliable.
(8) Comparison if single injections of MSB and atropine in normal subjects also demonstrated a more reliable dose-response relationship with MSB.
(9) The evidence suggests that by the age of 15 years many adolescents show a reliable level of competence in metacognitive understanding of decision-making, creative problem-solving, correctness of choice, and commitment to a course of action.
(10) Improvement of its particularly poor prognosis requires therefore early screening based on reliable biological markers.
(11) A 6.4 kilobase C4B-5'-specific Taq I fragment usually provided a reliable guide to the presence of a C4A deletion but unusually in one instance this fragment was found to be a marker of a functioning C4A gene.
(12) Abnormal albuminuria at levels not reliably detected by the usual dipstick methods was commonly observed in Pima Indians with diabetes, even those with diabetes of recent onset.
(13) It is concluded that the transcutaneous ultrasound technique provides a reliable, rapidly available, non-invasive method to confirm the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.
(14) This new index provides a reliable method to assess drug therapy appropriateness.
(15) The quantitative method used for determination of HBDH is reliable, accurate, simple and rapid and therefore has better value in a clinical setting than electrophoresis and adsorption techniques which are laborious and time consuming.
(16) The capacity of granule-cell networks to separate overlapping patterns of activity on their inputs is adequate, with spatial variability in the secretion at synapses, but is improved if there is also temporal variability in the stochastic secretion at individual synapses, although this is at the expense of reliability in the network.
(17) Interexaminer reliability studies indicate that a standard method of motion palpation is quite feasible and accurate.
(18) In conclusion, 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT provides a reliable method for detecting CAD.
(19) As a result of measures taken to reduce artifacts and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the measurements were performed reliably, with little inconvenience for the patients; all measurements could be used for analysis.
(20) This method can characterize reliably flavivirus field isolates at the molecular level without extensive virus propagation and molecular cloning, and will be a valuable tool for molecular epidemiological studies.