(1) Findings on plain X-ray of the abdomen, using the usual parameters of psoas and kidney shadows in the Nigerian, indicate that the two communities studied are similar but urinary calculi and urinary tract distortion are significantly more prominent in the community with the higher endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis.
(2) Socio-economic improvement or behavioural changes appear necessary for the control of trachoma in endemic areas.
(3) Thirty-six dogs were seropositive, 28 of which had not traveled to endemic areas.
(4) The studies reported here examined physical interactions between V. cholerae O1 and natural plankton populations of a geographical region in Bangladesh where cholera is an endemic disease.
(5) Since then the intensive development of anti-malaria campaigns in urban areas over about ten years led temporarily to a considerable decrease in the level of endemicity, while in rural areas it remained unchanged.
(6) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and its concentration were measured in thyroid tissues obtained from patients with Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, differentiated thyroid cancer, and endemic goiter (before and after iodine supplementation) as well as in normal thyroid tissue (paranodular tissue) from patients with follicular adenomas.
(7) XLP was first described in 1975, when EBV was still focused on as an immediate oncogenic agent, but with some uncertainties raised by the absence of EBV in most non-endemic Burkitt lymphoma.
(8) Routine vaccination of travellers to endemic areas cannot be recommended; however, for people travelling to regions with a high transmission rate vaccination should be considered.
(9) There is no reason to describe deafness and deafmutism in an area with severe endemic goitre as a separate entity.
(10) Patients with reactive arthritis, sacroiliitis, spondylitis or Reiter's syndrome following intestinal infection from Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella or Campylobacter organisms have been reported from endemic areas and after epidemic dysenteries.
(11) These preliminary results suggest that finger stick blood samples, collected on filter paper, could be used for FTA-ABS testing of remote rural populations--such as in areas where yaws is endemic.
(12) The underlying health problems that are still endemic to this region will probably be reflected to a greater extent in longer term follow-up.
(13) This test by virtue of its high sensitivity and the facilities in processing a large number of specimens, can prove to be useful in endemic areas for the recognition of asymptomatic malaria and screening of blood donors.
(14) This latter event might be one of the factors which results in a correlation of Burkitt's lymphoma with malaria endemic regions.
(15) Two populations living in separate areas in Tanzania known to be endemic for S. haematobium were investigated for the effects of the infection on community health.
(16) In many of the special nursing homes for aged, not a few aged women practiced activities uniquely associated with traditional religion on strongly reflecting the fact that endemic religion is deeply embedded in their thinking.
(17) To define the epidemiology of HIV-2 infection, we conducted a case-control study among hospitalized patients at an acute care hospital in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, a country with endemic HIV-2 infection.
(18) V. cholerae was isolated throughout the year indicating the endemicity of cholera in Bombay.
(19) Earlier studies of adults there had shown an intermediate degree of HBV endemicity (hepatitis B surface antigen carrier rate greater than 2%).
(20) Calcification on abdominal radiographs, especially serpiginous, seen in the region of the neck of gallbladder, appears to be the clue to the diagnosis of gallbladder schistosomiasis in people from endemic areas.
Pandemic
Definition:
(a.) Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic.
(n.) A pandemic disease.
Example Sentences:
(1) The west Africa Ebola epidemic “Few global events match epidemics and pandemics in potential to disrupt human security and inflict loss of life and economic and social damage,” he said.
(2) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has resulted in a worldwide pandemic of infection.
(3) The cholera-pandemic raging in South and Middle America and endemic cholera in other countries call for measures of health protection of the local population, but particularly with respect to the young, old, pregnant and immunocompromised citizens of countries importing food from the areas where the disease has struck.
(4) The seventh pandemic of cholera is still continuing (92 countries have so far been affected), and other organisms related to V. cholerae O1 are being reported increasingly frequently as the cause of diarrhoeal outbreaks as well as endemic diarrhoea.Recent research has considerably increased our understanding of how cholera is transmitted, the mechanisms by which V. cholera O1 produces disease, and the functioning of the local intestinal immune response by which individuals can be protected from infection.
(5) It is argued that prior to the present AIDS pandemic the efficiency of the rev receptor was enhanced by an ancestral recombination event.
(6) This study provides arguments that (1) strains of biotypes cholerae and El Tor are different clones, (2) a cholera pandemic is not a single world-wide epidemic (due to a single clone) but rather a simultaneous occurrence of several epidemics (several clones involved), and (3) epidemic waves of biotype El Tor could be due to the emergence of new clones.
(7) Two hypotheses are advanced for the range of hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of viruses that can cause pandemics (1) circle or cycle limited to H1, H2, and H3 subtypes, thereby implying that a virus of the H2 subtype will cause the next pandemic; and (2) spiral, by which any one of the 14 HA subtypes recorded to date may be involved.
(8) This sequence is conserved in representative viruses from each of the major pandemics.
(9) The effect of the AIDS pandemic on the sexual behavior of the general population has not been clearly established.
(10) Mathematical modeling of the AIDS pandemic has been limited by the difficulty of satisfactorily representing the marked behavioral heterogeneity that characterizes the various populations at risk.
(11) Introductory comments are made regarding the seriousness of AIDS as a global pandemic, its initial identification and description, and the various patterns of epidemic spread observed throughout the world.
(12) The impact of the AIDS-pandemic on the social and economic structures will grow to very large dimensions in some countries.
(13) HIV is now a worldwide pandemic, affecting some ten million adults and one million children--the overwhelming majority from sub-Saharan Africa.
(14) (iv) The different virus lineages are predominantly host specific, but there are periodic exchanges of influenza virus genes or whole viruses between species, giving rise to pandemics of disease in humans, lower animals, and birds.
(15) Understanding of the nature and pathogenic mechanisms of the oral microbiota may lead to control of this pandemic infection.
(16) Only a limited number of A-subtypes of influenza virus so far caused disease in human subjects, pigs and horses; this occurred in more or less defined areas which occasionally showed epidemic aggravations, becoming apparent as rapidly spreading epidemics or otherwise in even the form of pandemics.
(17) This gap between discovery and disclosure allowed the Sony rootkit to become a global pandemic that infected hundreds of thousands of US military and government networks.
(18) The major antigenic changes in influenza A virus that occur at 10-year intervals reduce the effectiveness of existing vaccines and pose a problem for the control of pandemics by vaccination.
(19) These findings underline the importance of pigs as potential reservoirs for future human pandemics by the continued isolation (in Asia) of H3N2 and Hsw1N1 influenza viruses.
(20) Because prostitutes are viewed as a major source of a variety of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), many researchers have studied their role in spreading the AIDS pandemic.