What's the difference between endocarp and putamen?
Endocarp
Definition:
(n.) The inner layer of a ripened or fructified ovary.
Example Sentences:
(1) Respirable (10 less than 10 micrometers) raw cotton dusts associated with the processing of middling, SLM and LM raw cottons were predicted to contain the following % weight composition of specific vegetable ingredients: leaflike = 70--72%, stem = 13--18%, bark = 3--8%, exocarp-mesocarp = 3.6%, endocarp = 1--2% and seed = 0.5--2%.
(2) Ingestion of the endocarp of the coyotillo fruit, Karwinskia humboldtiana, a shrub of the buckthorn family, causes "Buckthorn neuropathy" in man and animals.
(3) Two neurotoxic compounds T496 and T544 were isolated from the endocarp and each toxin was dissolved in sesame oil and injected into the sciatic nerve of rats.
(4) The endocarpic microorganisms of peanut fruit dried in either a random windrow (plants left as they fell from the digger) or an inverted windrow (plants inverted to expose fruit to sunlight) were different from that of freshly dug fruit.
(5) It was discovered that such features as the external characters of pericarp, the occurrence of hairs on fruit stalk, the presence and location of pigment and crystals of hesperidin, the thickness of the cell walls of endocarp and the presence and shape of nonglandular hairs on fruit stalk were important for the identification of these drugs.
(6) The results of local injection of purified toxins are discussed in relation to reports of nerve damage in animals following oral administration of the endocarp where intramyelin vacuole formation and segmental demyelination are prominent features.
(7) beta-glucanases are prominent proteins in pea endocarp tissue responding to fungal infection.
(8) Spatially, tpp mRNA is localized mainly within the ovule and ovary vascular elements, and transiently within the endocarp of senescent ovaries.
Putamen
Definition:
(n.) The shell of a nut; the stone of a drupe fruit. See Endocarp.
Example Sentences:
(1) In schizophrenic patients the density of dopamine uptake sites in the basal ganglia was slightly reduced, mainly in the middle third of putamen.
(2) Increased iron levels in basal ganglia were generally associated with normal or elevated levels of ferritin immunoreactivity, for example, the substantia nigra in PSP and possibly MSA, and in putamen in MSA.
(3) Hence, in the intact caudate-putamen dopamine appears to suppress expression of these two neuropeptide genes leading to an activation of both NPY and SOM mRNA expression in many non- or low-expressing neurons when the level of dopamine is decreased.
(4) Senescent (26-28 months) Fischer 344 rats were shown to have a lower density of D2 sites (-36%) without any change in affinity in membranes prepared from homogenized caudate-putamen (CPU), as compared to young adult (5-6 months) rats.
(5) The results demonstrated that partial di-mesencephalic hemitransections produced a marked reduction of DA fluorescence (quantitative histofluorimetry) on the lesioned side in the nucleus caudatus putamen, anterior nucleus accumbens and posterior lateral tuberculum olfactorium.
(6) Overflow curves in both regions could be described with similar kinetic parameters except for the Vmax, which in the nucleus accumbens was only 60% of that measured in the caudate-putamen.
(7) The effect of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8S) on the generation of slow wave depolarisation in the rat caudate-putamen (CPu) was studied using in vivo voltammetry.
(8) Radioligand binding studies were conducted using [3H]CFT and [3H]GBR 12935 to label elements of the dopamine uptake system in caudate-putamen membranes of cynomolgus monkeys.
(9) Secondarily marked structures were the posterior part of the lateral reticular formation, the caudato-putamen area and the prefrontal and frontal cortex.
(10) The density of D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors in human caudate nucleus and putamen, obtained postmortem, were studied throughout the adult lifespan using [3H]fluphenazine as the dopamine receptor ligand.
(11) The IC50 values for the drugs in tissue sections corresponded closely with their reported IC50 values in monkey caudate-putamen membranes (r = 0.99, p less than 0.001), suggesting that [3H]CFT binding is similar in the two preparations.
(12) In addition, labeling was seen in the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, hippocampus, amygdala, and substantia nigra.
(13) The results combined with previous studies demonstrate a close correspondence between the potencies of 15 different drugs for producing cocaine-like behavioral effects and for displacing specifically bound [3H]cocaine in caudate-putamen.
(14) [3H]Forskolin binding sites were found to be markedly decreased in the lateral segment of the caudate putamen supplied by the occluded MCA after 90 min of ischemia with no recirculation.
(15) DYN B cell bodies were present in nonpyramidal cells of neo- and allocortices, medium-sized cells of the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, lateral part of the central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area, and in sectors of nearly every hypothalamic nucleus and area, medial pretectal area, and nucleus of the optic tract, periaqueductal gray, raphe nuclei, cuneiform nucleus, sagulum, retrorubral nucleus, peripeduncular nucleus, lateral terminal nucleus, pedunculopontine nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, parabigeminal nucleus, dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, lateral superior olivary nucleus, superior paraolivary nucleus, medial superior olivary nucleus, ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus, accessory trigeminal nucleus, solitary nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, paratrigeminal nucleus, area postrema, lateral reticular nucleus, and ventrolateral region of the reticular formation.
(16) In the nucleus accumbens and ventral putamen (ventral striatum), a patchy distribution of beta 1 receptors was observed that was not evident in the rat.
(17) A monoclonal antibody raised against choline acetyltransferase was localized in semi-adjacent ultrathin sections through 24 neurons in the dorsolateral caudate-putamen nuclei.
(18) In the caudate-putamen, more than half of the neurons express the proenkephalin gene.
(19) Parkinsonian patients who died during Madopar therapy demonstrated a significant increase of MHPG in caudate n., putamen, s. nigra, n. ruber, n. amygdalae and n. accumbens when compared to the untreated group, indicating an enhanced turnover of noradrenaline in these areas.
(20) Increased densities of carbachol-resistant and pirenzepine-sensitive sites (M1 receptor subtype) were apparent over many forebrain structures including the olfactory tubercle, caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebral cortex.