(n.) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal.
(n.) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See Illust. of Ectoderm.
Example Sentences:
(1) In contrast, F9ACC19, an endodermal cell line derived from F9 cells, synthesizes only minor amounts of lactosaminoglycans and a high proportion of smaller glycopeptides.
(2) Both genes are expressed in the fetal liver, gut, and visceral endoderm of the yolk sac and are repressed shortly after birth in the liver and gut.
(3) Examination of the two types of tissue fragments revealed that IS-treated ICMs almost invariably retained viable endoderm cells whereas MS-isolated ectoderms did so only exceptionally.
(4) LIF inhibits differentiation under several conditions which lead to endodermal and mesodermal cell lineages including skeletal and cardiac muscle.
(5) This epithelial cell was tentatively identified as primitive extraembryonic endoderm by its ultrastructural appearance and its possession of cytokeratin intermediate filaments.
(6) The majority of testicular germ cell tumors in adults are accompanied by neoplastic intratubular germ cells; these cells were uniformly absent in ten pure yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) of the testicle in children studied morphologically and immunohistochemically.
(7) After the treatment in toto of the embryos from various species of Anura by cAMP, the number of primordial germ cells (PGC) in genital ridges is strongly reduced; the most part of the PGC are found in the endoderm.
(8) Our experience suggests that the optimal management of patients with primary mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor requires an aggressive multidisciplinary approach guided by the extent of the tumor and the serum tumor marker levels.
(9) The tissues of the endodermal and mesodermal origin were also present in small quantities.
(10) Although the liver first forms as a discrete epithelial bud of endodermal tissue at stage 12-14 (45-53 h after laying), canaliculi were first detected by our antibodies at low levels in 4-day embryos and at high levels in stage 27 (5 days after laying) and later embryos.
(11) The cell cycle time of the gland cells appears to be longer than that of the epithelial cells of the endoderm throughout the animal.
(12) As development proceeded during primitive streak stages, the visceral and parietal endoderm became positively stained.
(13) The F9 cell is a mouse embryonal teratocarcinoma which can be induced to differentiate into visceral endoderm by treatment with retinoic acid (RA).
(14) Multiple hamartoma syndrome, also known as Cowden's disease, is a rare genodermatosis with multiple organ system involvement affecting tissues derived from ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal tissue layers.
(15) This finding suggests the identification of a cell population that is analogous to parietal endoderm in some eutherian animals.
(16) We recently showed that yolk sac is involved in the control of metabolism and action of vitamin D in the fetoplacental unit, since its endodermal cells contain a 24-hydroxylase for vitamin D metabolites and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor.
(17) These data thus demonstrate the production and presence of RBP mRNA and TTR mRNA, and the synthesis and secretion of RBP and TTR, by F9 cell embryoid bodies (specifically by visceral endoderm-like cells).
(18) We conclude that yolk-sac-derived teratomas are of endodermal origin because of the fact that the paternal X chromosome is inactivated in the yolk sac endoderm, whereas in the yolk sac mesoderm, as in the embryo, the inactivation is at random.
(19) A particularly interesting proteinase active at alkaline pH values is detected in the trophoblast-endoderm complex.
(20) It is therefore considered that, although there is good evidence that serum AAT is produced by endodermal sinus tumour elements, serum AAT is not a useful monitor of disease activity in these patients, especially when compared with serum AFP, the value of which is well recognized.
Endodermis
Definition:
(n.) A layer of cells forming a kind of cuticle inside of the proper cortical layer, or surrounding an individual fibrovascular bundle.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bacteria in the stele remained viable after a 6-h treatment of roots with chloramine-t, indicating that the endodermis was intact.
(2) By following the fate of the Casparian strip through numerous divisions of the endodermal cell, information has been obtained relating to the minimum contribution of the endodermis to the root primordium structure.
(3) (ii) The cells interpolate new microtubules at a rate which is characteristic of the cell, and, in the endodermis, of the face of the cell, while the cell elongates.
(4) Bacteria were observed between and in cells of the cortex, in intercellular spaces between the cortex and endodermis, in xylem cells, and in and between pith cells.
(5) An endodermis separated the inner tissues of the nodule from the surrounding cortex.
(6) Histochemical localization of GUS activity showed that the HRGPnt3 promoter was transiently induced in the pericycle and endodermis, specifically in the discrete, small subset of cells involved in the initiation of lateral roots.
(7) were prepared for electron microscopy so that cortical microtubules could be counted along the longitudinal walls in cell files in the endodermis, pericycle, and inner and outer cortex, and in sieve and xylem elements.
(8) The lack of expression of GS-GUS in the outer cortex of the nodules suggests that ammonia may not be able to diffuse outside the endodermis.
(9) This suggests that the linkage of the pectic substances within the wall is mainly by calcium bridges in the intercellular junctions of most types of cells under study (epidermis, subepidermis, fiber layer, and endodermis) and in the outer part (close to the cuticle) of the wall of the epidermal cells.
(10) Particular attention was directed to the outermost primordium cells, derived by meristematic activity from the endodermis, and to the contiguous cortical parenchyma cells.