(n.) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal.
(n.) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See Illust. of Ectoderm.
Example Sentences:
(1) In contrast, F9ACC19, an endodermal cell line derived from F9 cells, synthesizes only minor amounts of lactosaminoglycans and a high proportion of smaller glycopeptides.
(2) Both genes are expressed in the fetal liver, gut, and visceral endoderm of the yolk sac and are repressed shortly after birth in the liver and gut.
(3) Examination of the two types of tissue fragments revealed that IS-treated ICMs almost invariably retained viable endoderm cells whereas MS-isolated ectoderms did so only exceptionally.
(4) LIF inhibits differentiation under several conditions which lead to endodermal and mesodermal cell lineages including skeletal and cardiac muscle.
(5) This epithelial cell was tentatively identified as primitive extraembryonic endoderm by its ultrastructural appearance and its possession of cytokeratin intermediate filaments.
(6) The majority of testicular germ cell tumors in adults are accompanied by neoplastic intratubular germ cells; these cells were uniformly absent in ten pure yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) of the testicle in children studied morphologically and immunohistochemically.
(7) After the treatment in toto of the embryos from various species of Anura by cAMP, the number of primordial germ cells (PGC) in genital ridges is strongly reduced; the most part of the PGC are found in the endoderm.
(8) Our experience suggests that the optimal management of patients with primary mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor requires an aggressive multidisciplinary approach guided by the extent of the tumor and the serum tumor marker levels.
(9) The tissues of the endodermal and mesodermal origin were also present in small quantities.
(10) Although the liver first forms as a discrete epithelial bud of endodermal tissue at stage 12-14 (45-53 h after laying), canaliculi were first detected by our antibodies at low levels in 4-day embryos and at high levels in stage 27 (5 days after laying) and later embryos.
(11) The cell cycle time of the gland cells appears to be longer than that of the epithelial cells of the endoderm throughout the animal.
(12) As development proceeded during primitive streak stages, the visceral and parietal endoderm became positively stained.
(13) The F9 cell is a mouse embryonal teratocarcinoma which can be induced to differentiate into visceral endoderm by treatment with retinoic acid (RA).
(14) Multiple hamartoma syndrome, also known as Cowden's disease, is a rare genodermatosis with multiple organ system involvement affecting tissues derived from ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal tissue layers.
(15) This finding suggests the identification of a cell population that is analogous to parietal endoderm in some eutherian animals.
(16) We recently showed that yolk sac is involved in the control of metabolism and action of vitamin D in the fetoplacental unit, since its endodermal cells contain a 24-hydroxylase for vitamin D metabolites and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor.
(17) These data thus demonstrate the production and presence of RBP mRNA and TTR mRNA, and the synthesis and secretion of RBP and TTR, by F9 cell embryoid bodies (specifically by visceral endoderm-like cells).
(18) We conclude that yolk-sac-derived teratomas are of endodermal origin because of the fact that the paternal X chromosome is inactivated in the yolk sac endoderm, whereas in the yolk sac mesoderm, as in the embryo, the inactivation is at random.
(19) A particularly interesting proteinase active at alkaline pH values is detected in the trophoblast-endoderm complex.
(20) It is therefore considered that, although there is good evidence that serum AAT is produced by endodermal sinus tumour elements, serum AAT is not a useful monitor of disease activity in these patients, especially when compared with serum AFP, the value of which is well recognized.
Epidermis
Definition:
(v. t.) The outer, nonsensitive layer of the skin; cuticle; scarfskin. See Dermis.
(v. t.) The outermost layer of the cells, which covers both surfaces of leaves, and also the surface of stems, when they are first formed. As stems grow old this layer is lost, and never replaced.
Example Sentences:
(1) The observed staining indicated that the epithelium of the external auditory meatus has a pattern of keratin expression typical of epidermis in general and the epithelium of the middle ear resembles simple columnar epithelia.
(2) A comparison between TPA and cytokeratins was also made by immunoblotting which revealed immunoreactivity of antibodies to TPA with cytokeratin polypeptides of different species (man, mouse) and organs (epidermis, liver), particularly with the cytokeratin component 8 of human liver and the related component A of mouse liver.
(3) The enzyme profile of the epidermis was investigated in relation to depth.
(4) It increased linearly in both the epidermis and dermis, reaching nearly 100% 24 hr following its injection on Day 8.
(5) UVB irradiation augmented the beta-adrenergic adenylate cyclase response of pig skin epidermis in vitro.
(6) The kinetics of both the solube and particulate enzymes from epidermis of some elderly patients with either diabetes or ischaemia showed some differences from the kinetics of enzymes from healthy epidermis from younger individuals.
(7) These results indicate that uninvolved psoriatic epidermis has an increased capacity to metabolize free AA into 12-lipoxygenase products.
(8) Besides the rough, wrinkled, and brown or black surface of the fingertips, microwrinkles of the epidermis occur on the skin ridges, which have so far not been described.
(9) At an ultrastructural level, 15-1 immunogold-labeling in the epidermis was confined to the surface of cells exhibiting Birbeck granules.
(10) The synthesis of uPA as a precursor with reduced enzymatic activity as well as decreased affinity for inhibitors is likely to be a mechanism by which normal epidermis regulates plasminogen activation in vivo.
(11) The bone marrow derivation of dThy-1+EC is now well established: dThy-1+EC carry Ly-5 determinants whose expression is restricted to cells of the hemopoietic differentiation pathway, and studies using Thy-1-disparate radiation bone marrow chimeras have revealed the presence of donor-type Thy-1+ cells within the epidermis; by immunoelectron microscopy, these cells represent dThy-1+EC.
(12) Exposure of neutrophils to AS resulted in deactivation to AS but not to Escherichial coli or Staphylococcus epidermis culture filtrate.
(13) The delta-PKC-like kinase of mouse epidermis (p82-kinase) was down-regulated after topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to mouse skin.
(14) The purpose of this report is to present the kinetics of reduction of epidermal mass following the production of the epidermal hyperplasia as the epidermis returns to its normal thickness during the period of regression.
(15) Immunoreactivity was restricted to the periderm and intermediate layers of fetal epidermis at 55 d of gestation, when the first wave of wool follicles are initiated.
(16) In hatched larvae around developmental stage 46, strong expression of 2NI-36 was observed in several tissues including the vascular endothelium, the pigmented epithelium and the inner layer of skin epidermis.
(17) Our results show that two major types of terminally differentiating keratinocytes can be distinguished in human epidermis, i.e.
(18) This results suggest the presence of structural abnormalities in epidermis of EB simplex.
(19) By contrast, epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) HLA-DR and T6 expressions in normal epidermis were greatly reduced by an identical dose of UVB.
(20) This calcium-binding protein was not in skin epidermis, but was confined to the dermal layer.