(n.) A layer of cells forming a kind of cuticle inside of the proper cortical layer, or surrounding an individual fibrovascular bundle.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bacteria in the stele remained viable after a 6-h treatment of roots with chloramine-t, indicating that the endodermis was intact.
(2) By following the fate of the Casparian strip through numerous divisions of the endodermal cell, information has been obtained relating to the minimum contribution of the endodermis to the root primordium structure.
(3) (ii) The cells interpolate new microtubules at a rate which is characteristic of the cell, and, in the endodermis, of the face of the cell, while the cell elongates.
(4) Bacteria were observed between and in cells of the cortex, in intercellular spaces between the cortex and endodermis, in xylem cells, and in and between pith cells.
(5) An endodermis separated the inner tissues of the nodule from the surrounding cortex.
(6) Histochemical localization of GUS activity showed that the HRGPnt3 promoter was transiently induced in the pericycle and endodermis, specifically in the discrete, small subset of cells involved in the initiation of lateral roots.
(7) were prepared for electron microscopy so that cortical microtubules could be counted along the longitudinal walls in cell files in the endodermis, pericycle, and inner and outer cortex, and in sieve and xylem elements.
(8) The lack of expression of GS-GUS in the outer cortex of the nodules suggests that ammonia may not be able to diffuse outside the endodermis.
(9) This suggests that the linkage of the pectic substances within the wall is mainly by calcium bridges in the intercellular junctions of most types of cells under study (epidermis, subepidermis, fiber layer, and endodermis) and in the outer part (close to the cuticle) of the wall of the epidermal cells.
(10) Particular attention was directed to the outermost primordium cells, derived by meristematic activity from the endodermis, and to the contiguous cortical parenchyma cells.
Endothelium
Definition:
(n.) The thin epithelium lining the blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities. See Epithelium.
Example Sentences:
(1) Electronmicroscopical investigations have revealed that, under normal conditions, a minor vesicular transfer of intravenously injected peroxidase occurs across the endothelium in segments of arterioles, capillaries and venules, especially in arterioles with a diameter about 15-30 mu.
(2) The vascular endothelium is capable of regulating tissue perfusion by the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor to modulate vasomotor tone of the resistance vasculature.
(3) Selective removal of endothelium had no effect on BK-induced contraction or the action of the antagonists.
(4) Combined SEM and TEM examination of the endothelium of compressed segments revealed "craters" and "balloons", blebs and vacuoles, swollen mitochondria, dilated granular endoplasmic reticulum, and subendothelial edema.
(5) DNA synthesis by endothelium subsequently increased and within 48 hr new blood vessel formation was detected.
(6) Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and endothelium-independent relaxations to nitric oxide were observed in rings from both strains during contraction with endothelin.
(7) Rings of isolated coronary and femoral arteries (without endothelium) were suspended for isometric tension recording in organ chambers filled with modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution.
(8) The observations support the idea that the function of pericytes in the choriocapillaris, the major source of nutrition for the retinal photoreceptors, resides in their contractility, and that pericytes do not remove necrotic endothelium during capillary atrophy.
(9) The relaxations in response to a nonreceptor-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilator, A23187, and an endothelium-independent vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, were not different between normal and diabetic aortas.
(10) Nitric oxide (NO) is a major component of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) the synthesis of which from L-arginine can be inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA).
(11) Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a novel vasoconstricting and cardiotonic peptide that is synthesized by the vascular endothelium.
(12) Hydrostatic occlusion of arteries with 12 kPa (90 mmHg) for 30 sec did not affect endothelial morphology and fibrinolytic activity, but after occlusion for 5 or 20 min the endothelium in both arteries and veins was severely damaged.
(13) From these results, it is concluded that (1) isolated rat common carotid arteries have both H1- and H2-receptors, (2) there are few vasoconstrictory H1-receptors, (3) both H1- and H2-receptors mediate only vasodilation but not vasoconstriction, and (4) EDRF from the endothelium might participate in histamine-induced vasodilation via not only H1- but also H2-receptors.
(14) Endothelium is indisputably a highly specialized tissue which mediates and controls many physiological and pathological processes.
(15) The endothelium of bone marrow sinuses is a continuous layer which is selective in its cellular transport.
(16) Compared to normal aorta there was a highly significant increase in proteoglycan in lipid-containing lesions, which was also associated with the presence of regenerated endothelium.
(17) The involvement of the endothelium and the role of change in membrane potential are evaluated and lead to the conclusion that pressure and flow effects do not depend exclusively on the release of endothelial factors nor the activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
(18) Vasodilation was not altered significantly by removal of endothelium or by pretreatment with propranolol or indometacin.
(19) Vascular stretch increases the activity of arterial baroreceptors along with the production and release of substances from the endothelium.
(20) Intravenous carbon black or thioflavin S (a fluorescent vital stain for endothelium) were used to demonstrate the distribution of coronary arterial flow in control and damaged myocardium.