What's the difference between endoplasm and karyoplasm?
Endoplasm
Definition:
(n.) The protoplasm in the interior of a cell.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have examined the insertion of bovine 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P45017 alpha) into the endoplasmic reticulum of COS 1 cells to evaluate the functional role of its hydrophobic amino-terminal sequence and membrane insertion.
(2) By 24 hr, rough endoplasmic reticulum in thecal cells increased from 4.2 to 7% of cell volume, while the amount in granulosa cells increased from less than 3.5% to more than 10%; the quantity remained relatively constant in the theca but declined to prestimulation values in the granulosa layer.
(3) The cis isomer was retained longer in liver, particularly in mitochondria, but had low retention in that portion of the endoplasmic reticulum isolated as the rough membrane fraction.
(4) Combined SEM and TEM examination of the endothelium of compressed segments revealed "craters" and "balloons", blebs and vacuoles, swollen mitochondria, dilated granular endoplasmic reticulum, and subendothelial edema.
(5) This heretogeneity occurred mainly as a progressive, decreasing gradient in the first half of this pathway, between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the mi-cisternae of the Golgi apparatus.
(6) Electron microscopy revealed a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, an enlarged Golgi apparatus and many highly electron-dense secretory granules resembling those of Clara cells.
(7) These early hyperplastic lesions revealed stellate-shaped dilated bile canaliculi lined by blebs and abnormally thick elongated microvilli, a decreased number of microvilli on the sinusoidal surface, a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large nucleoli, and bundles of pericanalicular microfilaments.
(8) Four fractions enriched, respectively, in plasma membrane (PM), smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and mitochondria were isolated from estrogen-dominated rat myometrium.
(9) Electron microscopic evaluation of microsomal fractions showed elements of the plasma membrane, including cilia and microvilli, as well as rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
(10) This change in cholesterol esterification appears to be the result of reductions in the activity of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in the endoplasmic reticulum of the macrophages incubated with the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
(11) The unique structure we describe is a cytoplasmic organelle which, like annulate lamellae, is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and is presumed to be related to the genesis of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in tumor cells.
(12) The smooth endoplasmic reticulum present in the terminals of the offshoots of the light pinealocytes is possibly involved in pineal indoleamine synthesis.
(13) Some of these vacuoles had remnants of mitochondrial cristae or were enlarged endoplasmic reticulum.
(14) This, along with evidence that kinesin is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, has led to the suggestion that kinesin provides the motive force for the formation and maintenance of elongated tubulovesicular structures in cells.
(15) Ultrastructural examination of noncartilaginous regions of the tumor demonstrated mesenchymal cells with features suggestive of cartilaginous differentiation, viz, scalloped cell membranes, sac-like distension of abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a matrix containing fibrillary and finely granular material.
(16) They also contained a variety of lysosomal dense bodies and dilated cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum.
(17) Using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies we show in normal cells precursor forms of beta-gal in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and in the Golgi apparatus throughout the stack of cisternae.
(18) This protein which we call CBP-58 bears similarities to the endoplasmic reticulum protein, calreticulin, in that it has a pI of 4.7 containing approximately 30% glutamate and aspartate, has a high capacity for calcium, and stains blue with the carbocyanine dye, 'Stains-all'.
(19) Pronounced enlargement of Schwann cells was due to accumulation of 100 angstrom cytoplasmic filaments and endoplasmic reticulum and was most often observed after 12--15 weeks exposure to 2,5-hexanedione.
(20) Alterations comprised short-term effects, such as dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope, and long-term effects including huge accumulations of myeloid bodies within the cytoplasm as well as dilation and diverticulation of bile canaliculi.
Karyoplasm
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) The radial layer in the cytoplasm was found to have crystalline structures and polymembrane bodies, numerous nuclei with light karyoplasm and distinct nucleoli.
(2) Chromosomal structures were seen in two different stages: large dense plaques (condensed stage), and as small dense granules of 300-400 A diameter, arranged spherically within the karyoplasm (extended stage).
(3) From G1 through mitosis, the amount of Ki-67 antigen increases steadily: location of the antigen is nucleolar during G1 and both nucleolar and karyoplasmic during G2.
(4) In the S-phase, Ki-67 staining was found homogeneously in the karyoplasm and in the perinucleolar region.
(5) In cells undergoing DNA repair, the zone of DNA became discontinuous and DNA was scattered throughout the entire karyoplasm as small aggregates and fine filaments.
(6) At the ultrastructural level, these karyoplasmic formations consist of haphazardly distributed patches of an essentially amorphous material of various density.
(7) It is suggested that vesicular structures may form as the result of disturbances in the water-electrolyte exchange between cytoplasm and karyoplasm of adrenal cells.
(8) Beside the quantification of classical features of retrograde reaction (chromatolysis; nuclear eccentricity; increased basophilia; perikaryal, nuclear and nucleolar swelling), several reactive changes so far not recognized (karyoplasmic basophilia and granulation) were detected.
(9) The karyoplasm (the contents of germinal vesicle) of the Bufo viridis, Xenopus laevis, and Acipenser stellatus oocytes maturing under the influence of progesterone acquires the ability to induce the maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown) of the full grown oocytes, when injected into them.
(10) Heparin causes increase of cells observable by phase-contrast method, and homogenization of the karyoplasm.
(11) At later times (24-72 h), the increase in the nuclei volume is associated with the changes in the karyoplasm structure.
(12) G2-phase cells contained a finely granular Ki-67 staining in the karyoplasm with Ki-67-positive specks and perinucleolar staining.
(13) In line with these lesions, earlier cardiomyocytic changes were found, such as margination of nuclear chromatin, clarification of karyoplasm, interfibrillar edema of sarcoplasm with subsequent loosening and aggregation of myofibrils.
(14) Chromosomal structres were seen in two different stages: large dense plaques (condensed stage), and as small dense granules of 300-400 a diameter, arranged sperically within the karyoplasm ( extended stage).
(15) As these paracrystals are either membrane coated or lie free in the karyoplasm, and as in the perinuclear cytoplasm, membrane coated paracrystals can be demonstrated as well, it is assumed that the cytoplasmic tubulin which is composing the intranuclear division spindle can transverse the intact nuclear envelope via vesicle transport.
(16) Interaction of d1-norepinephrine with karyoplasm protein is 7 times weaker than that of 1-isomer.
(17) A dose as high as 1000 Gy causes severe changes in the karyoplasm leading to nucleus swelling.
(18) We conclude that the term "nuclear rotation" refers to rotation of the entire nucleus in the cytoplasm of interphase cells, and that nuclear rotation is not an expression of karyoplasmic streaming.
(19) It was found to consist of seven sets of tubules, each containing three rows of coiled tubules which are wound in one-and-a-half turns from the site of origin at the nuclear membrane to the karyoplasmic pole.
(20) Some of the nuclei show deep invaginations into the karyoplasm.