What's the difference between endospore and layer?

Endospore


Definition:

  • (n.) The thin inner coat of certain spores.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Mature sporangia comprised about 30% of the total, were usually unilamellar, 100-400 microns in diameter, and contained a mixture of immature and mature endospores.
  • (2) The most recently discovered species, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, is known only from the small intestinal enterocytes of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and is easily differentiated from other microsporidia by the precocious development of spore organelles in the sporont and by the poor development of the endospore layer of the spore wall.
  • (3) Electron microscopic examination of these mutants revealed that these mutations blocked endospore formation at an early stage before septation and caused extensive cell lysis.
  • (4) More importantly, we tested and verified the hypothesis that there is a relationship between concentrations of dormant, viable endospores of T. vulgaris in lake sediments and the extent of agriculture in the catchments of the lakes.
  • (5) They were, therefore, shown to be aleuriospores (microcondia), and not endospores.
  • (6) Male ICR mice were challenged intracerebrally with endospores of Coccidioides immitis and then treated with water (control), fluconazole, amphotericin B (Fungizone), or ketoconazole (Nizoral).
  • (7) These, in contrast to exospores of the majority of the actinomycetes, are endospores according to their structure and the following criteria: thermostability, the presence of dipicolinic acid, the structure of ultrathin cross-sections studied by electron microscopy, the resistance to novobiocin.
  • (8) During the process of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis the appearance of the mother-cell transcription factor sigma K by conversion from its inactive precursor pro-sigma K is coupled to events under the control of the forespore transcription factor sigma G. This intercompartmental coupling is believed to be mediated by the products of a sporulation locus called spoI V F because certain bypass-of-forespore (bof) mutations that map at the spoI V F locus relieve the dependence of pro-sigma K processing on the action of sigma G in the forespore.
  • (9) The spherule-endospore cycle was maintained in tissue culture medium for 84 days without the formation of detectable hyphae.
  • (10) Gene expression during endospore formation by Bacillus subtilis is controlled in part by a sporulation-induced form of RNA polymerase, E sigma 29.
  • (11) The sequential appearance of sigma subunits, which change the promoter recognition specificity of RNA polymerase, may have a key role in controlling the temporal pattern of gene expression required for endospore development in B. subtilis.
  • (12) Chemical analyses showed that the amount of protein present in vegetative cells of the rifampicin-treated cultures was twice as great as in the untreated cultures but the total protein content of endospores was the same in both cases.
  • (13) This chitinase, isolated from 48-h culture filtrate of the spherule-endospore-phase C. immitis by affinity adsorption to chitin, formed a line of identity with the IDCF reference antigen and participated in the complement fixation reaction with human serum.
  • (14) Terminally located, heat-resistant endospores were formed on plates of an enriched agar medium supplemented with L-rhamnose.
  • (15) The relative abundance of endospores and vegetative cells as well as the protein distributions of these subpopulations may be readily determined from flow microfluorometry data.
  • (16) A new species, Bacillus naganoensis, is proposed for an obligately aerobic, moderately acidophilic, endospore-forming bacterium that produces a thermostable, aciduric pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41).
  • (17) Deletion of sigE, the structural gene for the sporulation-induced RNA polymerase sigma factor, sigma E, prevented endospore formation by Bacillus subtilis.
  • (18) Because these obligate bacterial parasites of nematodes have not been cultured axenically, the taxonomic relationships described here for each species are based mainly on developmental morphology, fine structure of the respective sporangia and endospores, and their pathogenicity on nematode species.
  • (19) The results suggest that the crystal and endospore contain one or more common proteins.
  • (20) Cells were formed, which resembled bacterial endospores by their formation and structure; however, typical refractive spores with envelopes and cortex have not been detected.

Layer


Definition:

  • (n.) One who, or that which, lays.
  • (n.) That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or fold laid over another; as, a layer of clay or of sand in the earth; a layer of bricks, or of plaster; the layers of an onion.
  • (n.) A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation.
  • (n.) An artificial oyster bed.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) By 24 hr, rough endoplasmic reticulum in thecal cells increased from 4.2 to 7% of cell volume, while the amount in granulosa cells increased from less than 3.5% to more than 10%; the quantity remained relatively constant in the theca but declined to prestimulation values in the granulosa layer.
  • (2) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
  • (3) None of the other soft tissue layers-ameloblasts, stratum intermedium or dental follicle--immunostain for TGF-beta 1.
  • (4) Adding a layer of private pensions, it was thought, does not involve Government mechanisms and keeps the money in the private sector.
  • (5) Intraepidermal clefting starts at the junction between the basal and epidermal layers, and later involves all of the levels of the stratum spinosum.
  • (6) These data suggest that basophilic cell function in the superficial mucous layer in the nose is of greater significance in the development of nasal symptoms in response to nasal allergy than either mucociliary activity or nasal mucosal hypersensitivity to histamine.
  • (7) Likewise, they had little or no effects on the fluorescence anisotropy of TMA-DPH, which is also thought to be located in the interfacial region of the lipid bilayer, either when the probe was located in the outer layer of the plasma membrane or when the probe was located in the inner membrane compartment.
  • (8) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
  • (9) Separation of PL by thin-layer chromatography revealed a prevalence of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine.
  • (10) Thin layers of carbon (20 microns) and vacuoles (30 microns) suggested a large temperature gradient along the tissue ablation front.
  • (11) In cat, DARPP-32-immunoreactive cell bodies identified as Müller cells were demonstrated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) with processes closely surrounding the cell soma of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer.
  • (12) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
  • (13) We demonstrated that while the protein was incorporated into the cell layer at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hr, a far greater amount was secreted into the media.
  • (14) From this proliferating layer, precursor cells migrate outwards to reach the developing neostriatum in a sequential fashion according to two gradients of histogenesis.
  • (15) In many areas there are additional indications of thalamic terminations in deeper layers.
  • (16) Their narrowed processes pass at a common site through the muscle layer and above this layer again slightly widen and project above the neighbouring tegument.
  • (17) One month after unilateral transection of the fimbria-fornix an almost complete lack of cholinergic fibers persists in all layers of the dorsal hippocampus and fascia dentata ipsilateral to the lesion when compared to the contralateral hippocampus or to unlesioned control rats.
  • (18) After methylene blue, the gradient in resting potential across the circular layer was greatly reduced or abolished.
  • (19) In contrast, boundary layer diffusion is operative in the release from the matrixes prepared by compression of physical mixtures.
  • (20) This hydrostatic pressure may well be the driving force for creating channels for acid and pepsin to cross the mucus layer covering the mucosal surface.

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