(n.) A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h / t. The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function.
Example Sentences:
(1) This formalism allows resolution of the intrinsic protein folding-unfolding parameters (enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity changes) as well as the ligand interaction parameters (binding stoichiometry, enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity changes).
(2) Dictated by underlying physicochemical constraints, deceived at times by the lulling tones of the siren entropy, and constantly vulnerable to the vagaries of other more pervasive forms of biological networking and information transfer encoded in the genes of virus and invading microorganisms, protein biorecognition in higher life forms, and particularly in mammals, represents the finely tuned molecular avenues for the genome to transfer its information to the next generation.
(3) The Skilling maximum entropy method (MEM) algorithm is applied to in vivo spectra and provides an estimate of the spectrum that is operator-independent, although at the expense of some negative bias.
(4) The changes in E degrees' and the standard entropy (delta S degrees') and enthalpy (delta H degrees') of reduction in the mutant proteins were determined relative to values for wild type; the change in E degrees' at 25 degrees C was about -200 millivolts for the Glu and Asp mutants, and about -80 millivolts for the Asn mutant.
(5) It is shown that the invariant integral, viz., the Kolmogorov second entropy, is eminently suited to characterize EEG quantitatively.
(6) The thermodynamic quantities of change in free energy (delta G degree'), change in enthalpy (delta H degree') and change in entropy (delta S degree') were determined for the interaction of norepinephrine with the alpha-1 adrenoceptor of vascular smooth muscle.
(7) This paper is concerned with the connection between two classes of population variables: measures of population growth rate--the Malthusian parameter, the net reproduction rate, the gross reproduction rate, and the mean life expectancy; and measures of demographic heterogeneity--population entropy.
(8) Recent studies from this laboratory reveal distinct differences in the thermodynamic binding mechanisms between m-AMSA and o-AMSA (Wadkins & Graves, 1989), with the m-AMSA-DNA interaction being an enthalpy-driven process while the binding of o-AMSA to DNA is characterized by more positive entropy values.
(9) Such replacements are presumed to restrict the degrees of freedom of the unfolded protein and so decrease the entropy of unfolding [B. W. Matthews, H. Nicholson, and W. J. Becktel (1987) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA Vol.
(10) The overall enthalpy change is negative and the overall entropy change is positive for the simultaneous binding of AMP-PNP and L-glutamate or of AMP-PNP and L-Met-(S)-sulfoximine to the enzyme.
(11) The part of entropy depending on the number of elements of the system (cells, individuals, etc.)
(12) 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of free calmodulin; the latter is even more entropy driven (delta H0 = 7.2 kJ X site-1; delta S0 = 158 J X K-1 X site-1) than binding to free calmodulin (delta H0 = 4.7 kJ X site-1; delta S0 = 112 J X K-1 X site-1), thus underlining the importance of hydrophobic forces in the free energy coupling involved in the ternary complex.
(13) Thus, Ca2+ binding to the Ca2+-Mg2+ sites is driven by both enthalpy and entropy and the lower Ca2+ affinity for sites 3 and 4 is reflected in the lower entropy of Ca2+-binding.
(14) This paper presents a unified account of the properties of the measures, Malthusian parameter and entropy in predicting evolutionary change in populations of macromolecules, cells and individuals.
(15) The model stresses that solutes do not act at a single site, but on both states in an equilibrium, and that the perturbation is determined by the difference in entropy.
(16) The "entropy potential" of the membrane may have its molecular origin in the excitation of the hydrocarbon chains to a more disordered configuration and may play a more important role in membrane partition equilibria than the classical hydrophobic effect.
(17) The entropy of activation of kcat for the human enzyme was further decomposed into partially compensating electrostatic(es) (delta S*es = +15.1 cal mol-1 K-1) and nonelectrostatic(nes) (delta S*nes = -19.1 cal mol-1 K-1) terms.
(18) Basic free energy level differences are related to the first-order rate constants for transitions between states while gross free energy differences, along with the corresponding fluxes, determine the rate of entropy production in the system.
(19) Their high-affinity binding component was entropy driven at 2 degrees C and became enthalpy driven when the incubation temperature was increased.
(20) As far as information in nervous systems is connected with an element of energy normalization that is much greater than the scales of molecular energy of single atoms, physical and information self-organization can simultaneously either correlate or be sufficiently independent, because entropy corresponds to statically unstable point, with its output being natural in different ways.
Nat
Definition:
(adv.) Not.
() Not at; nor at.
Example Sentences:
(1) Only NAT activity exhibited daily changes, rising at the onset of darkness and resuming low values shortly before the end of the scotophase.
(2) Most of the money, says WDM, was used to buy shares in Bumi , the troubled London-listed firm co-founded by financier Nat Rothschild that owns large stakes in some of the biggest mining projects in East Kalimantan.
(3) This arylamine NAT acetylates p-aminobenzoic acid thereby demonstrating a monomorphic pattern of acetylation.
(4) In addition, the two enantiomers of D600 also inhibit NAT induction, the D-form slightly more effectively than the L-form.
(5) The ratio of paraoxon insensitive AHAT to OAT to NAT of PABA to NAT of 2-AF appears to be 1:2:11:22 using freshly made cytosols from frozen livers.
(6) The substrate specificity of NAT correlated well with the substrate range of the acetyltransferase in S. noursei and Tn1825-determined streptothricin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.
(7) Incubation conditions that activate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in retinal homogenates had no effect on NAT activity, suggesting that direct phosphorylation of NAT was probably not involved in the response to elevating cyclic AMP in situ.
(8) It was an accident when the Nats won an overall majority in the 2011 teeth of recession.
(9) Increasingly, you can discern a more minor-key debate among some Nats.
(10) NAT activity was detectable in the cultures under all conditions studied, and was markedly increased by drugs that increase intracellular cyclic AMP levels and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity: 8-bromocyclic AMP, forskolin, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX).
(11) In contrast, levels of isoniazid N-acetyltransferase and N-hydroxy-3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl O-acetyltransferase activities in mouse liver cytosol appeared to be independent of the arylamine Nat acetylator gene.
(12) There was a decision to preference a new entrant into the WA political field, an Australian Aboriginal, who happens to be a member of the National Party, and to symbolically, I suppose, display him in the preference list … Where possible, where we see shining stars in individual parties, like Scott, or this guy from the Nats, we should individually preference them higher.
(13) NAT activity was significantly depressed on experimental days 1, 3 and 5, and slightly depressed on day 7.
(14) One part was used to estimate serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity.
(15) The activity of 3 enzymes related to the bioactivation of toxic compounds and the development of cancer--cytochrome P450 IA2, N-acetyl transferase (NAT), and xanthine oxidase (XO)--can be measured from the ratios of formed metabolites excreted into urine.
(16) The activity of total MAO was about 10 times greater than that of NAT.
(17) Noradrenergic inhibition of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-augmented cAMP levels and NAT activity was reversed by yohimbine (an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist) but not by prazosin (an alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist).
(18) A genetic polymorphism of human liver arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT; EC 2.3.1.5) enzyme activity divides populations into distinguishable "slow acetylator" and "rapid acetylator" phenotypes.
(19) After an 8-h advance of the LD cycle by shortening of one dark period, the NAT rhythm adjusted to the advance shift within 5 cycles only; during the first 2-3 cycles the rhythm was abolished.
(20) 41 patients with different AV stages were studied with the quantitative NAT test.