(v. t.) To put a covering about; to wrap up or in; to inclose within a case, wrapper, integument or the like; to surround entirely; as, to envelop goods or a letter; the fog envelops a ship.
(n.) That which envelops, wraps up, encases, or surrounds; a wrapper; an inclosing cover; esp., the cover or wrapper of a document, as of a letter.
(n.) The nebulous covering of the head or nucleus of a comet; -- called also coma.
(n.) A work of earth, in the form of a single parapet or of a small rampart. It is sometimes raised in the ditch and sometimes beyond it.
(n.) A curve or surface which is tangent to each member of a system of curves or surfaces, the form and position of the members of the system being allowed to vary according to some continuous law. Thus, any curve is the envelope of its tangents.
(n.) A set of limits for the performance capabilities of some type of machine, originally used to refer to aircraft. Now also used metaphorically to refer to capabilities of any system in general, including human organizations, esp. in the phrase push the envelope. It is used to refer to the maximum performance available at the current state of the technology, and therefore refers to a class of machines in general, not a specific machine.
Example Sentences:
(1) The oral nerve endings of the palate, the buccal mucosa and the periodontal ligament of the cat canine were characterized by the presence of a cellular envelope which is the final form of the Henle sheath.
(2) Sequence variation in the gp116 component of cytomegalovirus envelope glycoprotein B was examined in 11 clinical strains and compared with variation in gp55.
(3) Thus, although ferric-enterochelin cannot penetrate the cell surface from outside, the complex that is formed within the envelope is transported normally into the cell.
(4) In addition, transitional macrophages with both positive granules and positive RER, nuclear envelope, negative Golgi apparatus (as in exudate- resident macrophages in vivo), and mature macrophages with peroxidatic activity only in the RER and nuclear envelope (as in resident macrophages in vivo) were found.
(5) Studies using serum from mice that had been immunized with synthetic peptides from the HIV envelope region suggested that this response is directed, at least in part, at several determinants of the transmembrane portion of the HIV envelope glycoprotein.
(6) The influence of exogenous gangliosides on the structure of the viral envelope was studied using fluorescent and photoactivatable phospholipids incorporated into the viral membrane.
(7) Cells infected with enveloped viruses are good systems for studying both aspects of protein glycosylation, since they contain a limited number of different glycoproteins, often with well-defined functions.
(8) The enzyme was removed from the cell envelope by treatment of the whole cells with sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate, and proteinase K.
(9) After virus release the major portion of precursors is assembled within an approximately 25 nm thick layer directly attached to the envelope.
(10) This single substitution was sufficient to abolish all detectable cleavage of the gp160 envelope precursor polypeptide as well as virus infectivity.
(11) The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus consists of two subunits, designated gp120 and gp41, derived from the cleavage of a precursor polypeptide gp160.
(12) Lipopolysaccharide content correlated significantly with drug uptake and sensitivity, and it appeared to determine the degree of penetration of the cell envelope by these chlorinated phenols.
(13) Matrix protein (36,500 daltons), one of the major polypeptides of the Escherichia coli cell envelope, is arranged in a periodic monolayer which covers the outer surface of the peptidoglycan.
(14) Translation of mRNA encoding vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein G by as membrane-free ribosomal extract obtained from HeLa cells yielded a nonglycosylated protein (G1 (Mr 63,000).
(15) For both the single- and multiple-band signals, performance was best when the signal band(s) had a different envelope from the common envelope of the cue bands, and performance was worst when either the cue bands all had different envelopes, or the signal and cue bands all shared the same envelope.
(16) The data collected by several approaches reveal that assembly and maturation of vaccinia involves a tightly coupled sequence of interrelated events including the assembly of the envelope, post-translational cleavage of several virion polypeptides, and induction of the core enzymes.
(17) The relationship of vaccinia haemagglutinin (HA) to extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) was examined.
(18) April 17, 2013 The third floor isn't doing so well either: Rebecca Berg (@rebeccagberg) Capitol police email Senate offices: Police "are responding to a suspicious envelope on the third floor of the Hart Senate Office Building."
(19) Several fractions were extracted from the cell envelope (CE) of Neisseria meningitidis group B and characterized with regard to their morphology, antigenicity, protein composition, and toxicity.
(20) This preactivated merocyanine 540 was then mixed (in the dark) with tumour cells, normal cells and envelope viruses to assess its antiproliferative activity.
Infold
Definition:
(v. t.) To wrap up or cover with folds; to envelop; to inwrap; to inclose; to involve.
(v. t.) To clasp with the arms; to embrace.
Example Sentences:
(1) The wall of the yolk sac thickens as a result of this infolding and the densely packed capillaries.
(2) These alterations include fenestration, widened intercellular junctions, increase in pinocytotic vesicles, and infolding of the luminal surface.
(3) Later, the astroglial processes of regenerated glia limitans showed very infolded surfaces and numerous filaments inside of them.
(4) The surface of the zona was quite irregular and contained numerous infoldings, channels and crypts.
(5) Patches of displaced basal lamina material appeared within the RPE basal infoldings.
(6) The second tumour occurred in a 36-year-old woman, followed a benign course and showed papillary infoldings lined by multilayered neoplastic cells.
(7) Marked infolding of both the granulosa and theca tissue in some follicles suggested early luteinization.
(8) In the former cells, active mitochondria were generally found near microvilli at the apical ends and in the areas of the basal infoldings whereas those in a central position were more frequently unreactive.
(9) The cell outline shows remarkable complexity by extensive infoldings and interdigitations of lateral and basal plasma membranes.
(10) Expression of L1 was restricted to neural cells until approximately postnatal day 5, when L1 started to be detectable on crypt but not on villus cells, predominantly on the basolateral membrane infoldings.
(11) The processes in both eyes of the epinephrine-treated monkeys exhibited one of two pictures: dilated stromal capillaries with numerous fenestrations; normal stroma, PE basement membrane and PE; numerous well-developed NPE basolateral infoldings and enlarged mitochondria; dilated stromal capillaries with ruptured fenestrations; ballooned protein-filled stroma; degenerated NPE.
(12) Moreover, the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule showed wavy lamellae and infolding to the seminiferous epithelium.
(13) Secretory ameloblasts synthesize the organic matrix of enamel and secrete it at two distinct "putative secretory sites" characterized by membrane infoldings (Nanci and Warshawsky, 1984a).
(14) The distance between the apposed rectus muscles is then progressively decreased by repeated infolding of the polyamide mesh with running longitudinal sutures on the mesh itself.
(15) In the anterior and middle part, the NPE cells have only a few membrane infoldings and few mitochondria in the cytoplasm, but abundant surfaces of rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous ribosomes and Golgi material, indicating protein synthesis.
(16) Increase of vesicles in both the endothelial cells and the basal infoldings of pigment cells were features.
(17) Cell outlines were smooth, with no basal infoldings of the plasma membrane or apical microvilli.
(18) The ultrastructure of the Sertoli cell studied in sexually active control animals during May-June and experimental animals sexually activated by light in winter, presents the commonly described ramified aspect with an infolded nucleus, well developed Golgi complexes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, numerous microfilaments, few liposomes and lysosomal formations; In the regressed testes of hibernating animals or blinded spring animals, the Sertoli cells are more round shaped with a significant increase in number and size of liposomes, lysosomes and various necrotic bodies.
(19) Electron microscopy of surviving retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells indicated a loss of apical microvilli and basal infoldings.
(20) The latter, like the stacked membrane infoldings of rectal papillae, exhibit intercellular columns and numerous intramembranous P face particles; these are undoubtedly involved in ion transport.