(a.) Afflicting animals; -- used of a disease affecting the animals of a district. It corresponds to an endemic disease among men.
Example Sentences:
(1) In a control scheme for enzootic-pneumonia-free herds, 43 herds developed enzootic pneumonia, as judged by non-specific clinical and pathological criteria over 10 years.
(2) A vaccine, which was prepared from one of the strains isolated, was used in addition to antibiotic prophylaxis to control the enzootic disease.
(3) In 34 out of 35 sera from cattle affected by enzootic bovine leukosis antibodies against gp69 were detected, whereas the sera from 197 animals, free of bovine leukosis, did not react in immunodiffusion test.
(4) Prevention of Enzootic Icterus by salts of molybdenum given orally confirms the identity.
(5) Of these 48 strains, 43 (90%) came from the southern part of France in which B. melitensis infection in sheep and goats is enzootic and where the dissemination of this species by sheep flocks moving to mountain pastures most often accounted for cattle contamination.
(6) Ewe placental and lamb intestinal isolates of Chlamydia psittaci recovered from flocks affected with ovine enzootic abortion were examined by inclusion morphology, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and immunoblot analysis.
(7) An account is given of the importance and position of enzootic pneumonia in the general complex of mycoplasmic infections of cattle stock.
(8) On the one hand was the condition found in many parts of the world of bovine enzootic haematuria with uncertain aetiology and, on the other, the investigations conducted on the acute radiomimetic cattle bracken poisoning under laboratory conditions.
(9) Two epidemic strains from Guatemala or Venezuela stimulated levels of viremia similar to those following infection with enzootic strains.
(10) Nasal exudate and tumour tissue from goats with enzootic nasal tumours were shown to contain a reverse transcriptase activity associated with a particle of buoyant density typical of retroviruses.
(11) Forty-five horses were infected peripherally or intrathecally with enzootic or epizootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus.
(12) Within Illinois certain counties were demonstrated to have persistent rabies histories and likely served as enzootic foci.
(13) These interrelationships of M. pulmonis, host, and environment may be representative of many breeding colonies of rats that have enzootic MRM.
(14) Better diagnostic methods are needed to prevent clinical disease, especially when susceptible cattle are being moved into disease enzootic areas.
(15) It may occur either epizootically or enzootically in affected rabbit units.
(16) A new cell line, obtained by co-cultivation of fetal lamb kidney cells and lymphocytes collected from an adult calf affected by enzootic bovine leukemia, was studied for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) morphogenesis.
(17) Several methods were employed to obtain lymphocyte cultures from blood samples taken from normal cattle and from cattle affected with enzootic leukosis.
(18) Spectacular outbreaks of yellow fever, such as the one in Ethiopia in 1960-1962 with 15,000-30,000 estimated deaths, still occur in Africa in areas contiguous to rain forest regions where jungle yellow fever is enzootic.
(19) Nairobi sheep disease was seen principally upon movement of susceptible animals into the enzootic areas.
(20) Wood mice from a population showing enzootic infection with Eimeria were trapped and bred under laboratory conditions.
Pandemic
Definition:
(a.) Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic.
(n.) A pandemic disease.
Example Sentences:
(1) The west Africa Ebola epidemic “Few global events match epidemics and pandemics in potential to disrupt human security and inflict loss of life and economic and social damage,” he said.
(2) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has resulted in a worldwide pandemic of infection.
(3) The cholera-pandemic raging in South and Middle America and endemic cholera in other countries call for measures of health protection of the local population, but particularly with respect to the young, old, pregnant and immunocompromised citizens of countries importing food from the areas where the disease has struck.
(4) The seventh pandemic of cholera is still continuing (92 countries have so far been affected), and other organisms related to V. cholerae O1 are being reported increasingly frequently as the cause of diarrhoeal outbreaks as well as endemic diarrhoea.Recent research has considerably increased our understanding of how cholera is transmitted, the mechanisms by which V. cholera O1 produces disease, and the functioning of the local intestinal immune response by which individuals can be protected from infection.
(5) It is argued that prior to the present AIDS pandemic the efficiency of the rev receptor was enhanced by an ancestral recombination event.
(6) This study provides arguments that (1) strains of biotypes cholerae and El Tor are different clones, (2) a cholera pandemic is not a single world-wide epidemic (due to a single clone) but rather a simultaneous occurrence of several epidemics (several clones involved), and (3) epidemic waves of biotype El Tor could be due to the emergence of new clones.
(7) Two hypotheses are advanced for the range of hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of viruses that can cause pandemics (1) circle or cycle limited to H1, H2, and H3 subtypes, thereby implying that a virus of the H2 subtype will cause the next pandemic; and (2) spiral, by which any one of the 14 HA subtypes recorded to date may be involved.
(8) This sequence is conserved in representative viruses from each of the major pandemics.
(9) The effect of the AIDS pandemic on the sexual behavior of the general population has not been clearly established.
(10) Mathematical modeling of the AIDS pandemic has been limited by the difficulty of satisfactorily representing the marked behavioral heterogeneity that characterizes the various populations at risk.
(11) Introductory comments are made regarding the seriousness of AIDS as a global pandemic, its initial identification and description, and the various patterns of epidemic spread observed throughout the world.
(12) The impact of the AIDS-pandemic on the social and economic structures will grow to very large dimensions in some countries.
(13) HIV is now a worldwide pandemic, affecting some ten million adults and one million children--the overwhelming majority from sub-Saharan Africa.
(14) (iv) The different virus lineages are predominantly host specific, but there are periodic exchanges of influenza virus genes or whole viruses between species, giving rise to pandemics of disease in humans, lower animals, and birds.
(15) Understanding of the nature and pathogenic mechanisms of the oral microbiota may lead to control of this pandemic infection.
(16) Only a limited number of A-subtypes of influenza virus so far caused disease in human subjects, pigs and horses; this occurred in more or less defined areas which occasionally showed epidemic aggravations, becoming apparent as rapidly spreading epidemics or otherwise in even the form of pandemics.
(17) This gap between discovery and disclosure allowed the Sony rootkit to become a global pandemic that infected hundreds of thousands of US military and government networks.
(18) The major antigenic changes in influenza A virus that occur at 10-year intervals reduce the effectiveness of existing vaccines and pose a problem for the control of pandemics by vaccination.
(19) These findings underline the importance of pigs as potential reservoirs for future human pandemics by the continued isolation (in Asia) of H3N2 and Hsw1N1 influenza viruses.
(20) Because prostitutes are viewed as a major source of a variety of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), many researchers have studied their role in spreading the AIDS pandemic.