(n.) An unorganized or unformed ferment, in distinction from an organized or living ferment; a soluble, or chemical, ferment. Ptyalin, pepsin, diastase, and rennet are good examples of enzymes.
Example Sentences:
(1) In contrast, DNA polymerase alpha, the enzyme involved in chromosomal DNA replication, was relatively insensitive to CA1.
(2) The accumulation of lipids and enzymes such as simple estarase, lipase, beta-HDH, alpha-GDH and NADPH-reductase in those areas, suggests that lipids are not a simple excretory product.
(3) It was found that the skeletal muscle enzyme of the chick embryo is independent of the presence of creatine and consequently is another constitutive enzyme like the creatine kinase of the early embryonic chick heart.
(4) Previous attempts to purify this enzyme from the liquid endosperm of kernels of Zea mays (sweet corn) were not entirely successful owing to the lability of partially purified preparations during column chromatography.
(5) These results demonstrate that increased availability of galactose, a high-affinity substrate for the enzyme, leads to increased aldose reductase messenger RNA, which suggests a role for aldose reductase in sugar metabolism in the lens.
(6) As far as acrophase table is concerned for all enzymes and fractions the acrophase occurred during the night.
(7) This theory was confirmed by product analysis and by measuring the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme by its inhibition of p-nitrophenyl glucoside hydrolysis.
(8) This result demonstrates that branching enzyme belongs to a family of the amylolytic enzymes.
(9) These results are discussed in relation to the possible existence of enzyme-bound intermediates of nitrogen fixation.
(10) During enzyme purification two nucleases were identified.
(11) Binding data for both ligands to the enzyme yielded nonlinear Scatchard plots that analyze in terms of four negatively cooperative binding sites per enzyme tetramer.
(12) In the measurement, enzyme-labeled and unlabeled antigens (Ag* and Ag) were allowed to compete in binding to the antibody (Ab) under conditions where Ag* much less than Ab much less than Ag.
(13) Nucleotide, which is essential for catalysis, greatly enhances the binding of IpOHA by the reductoisomerase, with NADPH (normally present during the enzyme's rearrangement step, i.e., conversion of a beta-keto acid into an alpha-keto acid, in either the forward or reverse physiological reactions) being more effective than NADP.
(14) The enzyme, when assayed as either a phospholipase A2 or lysophospholipase, exhibited nonlinear kinetics beyond 1-2 min despite low substrate conversion.
(15) The specific limited trypsinolysis of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (T7RP) was performed in the presence of various components of the polymerase reaction and some GTP-analogs--irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme.
(16) Hepatic enzyme elevations were more dramatic after blunt trauma, reflecting greater hepatocellular disruption.
(17) Treatment of the bound F1-ATPase with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan prevented complete release of the enzyme by ATP.
(18) The enzyme was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified approximately 480-fold by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on alanine methyl ketone-AH-Sepharose 4B.
(19) The DNA untwisting enzyme has been purified approximately 300-fold from rat liver nuclei.
(20) We have measured the antibody specificities to the two polysaccharides in sera from asymptomatic group C meningococcal carriers and vaccinated adults by a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure using methylated human serum albumin for coating the group C polysaccharide onto microtiter plates.
Pepsin
Definition:
(n.) An unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals.
Example Sentences:
(1) Accordingly, when bFGF, complexed to heparin, is treated with pepsin A, an aspartic protease with a broad specificity, only the Leu9-Pro10 peptide bond is cleaved generating the 146-amino acid form.
(2) Digestion is initiated in the gastric region by secretion of acid and pepsin; however, diversity of digestive enzymes is highest in the post-gastric alimentary canal with the greatest proteolytic activity in the spiral valve.
(3) The values obtained are shown to be lower than those calculated for arigid pepsin globule.
(4) This hydrostatic pressure may well be the driving force for creating channels for acid and pepsin to cross the mucus layer covering the mucosal surface.
(5) Binding activity was labile to heat, and to treatment with pepsin or trypsin.
(6) The molecular structure of the hexagonal crystal form of porcine pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1), an aspartic proteinase from the gastric mucosa, has been determined by molecular replacement using the fungal enzyme, penicillopepsin (EC 3.4.23.6), as the search model.
(7) Acid and pepsin output from the denervated pouch in response to pentagastrin and food decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) after parenteral feeding and returned to control levels after the dogs resumed a normal diet.
(8) Antigenic properties of crystalline pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin were studied in 9 rabbits immunised with these enzymes.
(9) The fibrosis of the gastric wall with motility disturbances, and the diminution of acid and pepsin production from damage to the glandular elements, would weigh against the addition of a vagotomy to the drainage procedure.
(10) The antigens were solubilized by treating the tissue samples with the proteolytic enzymes collagenase, trypsin and pepsin.
(11) Rates of digestion were in the order, pepsin approximately equal to trypsin much greater than papain.
(12) Urothelial cells were pepsin-extracted from paraffin-embedded specimens taken from human nontumorous bladder mucosa, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ.
(13) Two main polypeptides, Mr about 27,000 and 21,000, were protected against pepsin proteolysis when a mixture consisting of asolectin vesicles and 125I-labeled tetanus toxin was subjected to a pH drop from 7.2 to 3.0.
(14) This suggests that its antiulcerogenic effect is due to decreases of acid and pepsin outputs which enhance gastric mucosal strength.
(15) The inhibition of pepsin-catalysed hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalanylglycine by products and product analogues was studied.
(16) Small amounts of non-collagenous proteins and glycosaminoglycans of different compositions in dentin and bone resisted extraction before pepsin digestion.
(17) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(18) The predominant band in pepsin-treated tissues was 60-70 kDa, with additional forms of 250 and 150 kDa in neonatal heart and lung.
(19) Peptide 18 was rapidly cleaved by trypsin, but 19 was reasonably stable to all enzyme degradation systems tested with maximum degradation of 50% by pepsin in 3 h. Both 18 and 19 when given iv to normotensive rats were between 3 and 10 times more potent than captopril in inhibiting an angiotensin I induced blood pressure increase.
(20) Limited pepsin digestion of human plasma albumin at pH 3.5 and 0 degrees in the presence of octanoate caused cleavage at residue 307 of the albumin molecule to yield two fragments.