What's the difference between epicardiac and epicardium?
Epicardiac
Definition:
(a.) Of or relating to the epicardium.
Example Sentences:
(1) Following implantation of a VVI mode epicardiac pacemaker, the patient's condition, including resistance to heart failure and respiration, were improved dramatically.
(2) In the submitted review the author deals with specific features of the coronary circulation, coronary reserve and importance of regulation of the tonus of the coronary arteries at their epicardiac course and the tonus at the arteriolar level.
(3) The frequency spectra of these cardiograms were used to develop appropriate filters and high-gain amplifiers for a continuous monitoring of the His-bundle signal from the epicardiac surface.
(4) Based on our interpretation of the morphogenetic features in human development, we think that the ultimobranchial body derives from the fifth endodermal pharyngeal pouch, which is colonized, from O'Rahilly's stage 14 on, by cellular material of ectodermal placodial nature that originates in the most caudal portion of the epicardiac branchial placode.
(5) Other rare localisations were found on autopsy: ovarian, pleuro-pulmonary and, above all, epicardiac.
(6) The authors studied the structure and the disposition of the connective-muscular tissue components of the superficial (epicardiac) and deep (myocardiac) walls of the coronary sinus.
(7) By appropriate placement of two electrodes on the epicardiac surface of Langendorff-perfused hearts, His-bundle and preatrial signals can be recorded by the surface electrogram (S-ECG).
(8) In 27 dogs, the sinus rhythm and ectopic atrial rhythms induced with bipolar epicardiac atrial pace-maker, were studied on the basis of analysis of high amplitude atrial complex in augmented (150-250) filtered (30 divided by 110 Hz) ECG, intraatrial ECG in open heart, and the P wave of the ECG from the body surface.
(9) These cases, along with those recently published in the literature, suggest that such alterations of ventricular repolarization which represent the reciprocal projection of a high posterior sub-epicardiac lesion current, could complete the electrocardiographic criteria of really thrombolysis in a context of prolonged precordial pain.
Epicardium
Definition:
(n.) That of the pericardium which forms the outer surface of the heart; the cardiac pericardium.
Example Sentences:
(1) Twenty-one of 24 adult male and female cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis ibis) collected in Geneva County, Alabama had numerous white cyst-like structures (1,466 microns X 354 microns) found within the loose connective tissues of the skeletal muscles of the inguinal region, beneath the serosa of the proventriculus and in the heart beneath the epicardium (one adult male bird).
(2) Without endocardial mapping many of these tachycardias would have been incorrectly identified as originating in the fascicles or epicardium.
(3) Rapid steady-state estimates of interstitial fluid (ISF) adenosine concentrations (ADOi) in the left ventricular epicardium of anesthetized dogs were obtained by the epicardial porous disc (EPD) method described herein.
(4) During a second surgical procedure approximately two weeks later, parasympathectomy was achieved by dissection and topical application of phenol to the fat pad and underlying epicardium at the inferior left atrial junction with the inferior vena cava; completeness of AVNR parasympathectomy was tested at surgery by supramaximal stimulation of right and left cervical vagi, with and without rapid atrial pacing.
(5) He used the internal mammary artery pedicle (Kolesov's pedicle, Feb. 25, 1964) and described beadlike nodules and a dimpling of the epicardium over the atherosclerotic coronary artery (Kolesov's groove sign, Jan. 26, 1965).
(6) Myocytes with a similar isomyosin complement appear clustered with a predominance of V1 in the epicardium.
(7) Two sensing electrodes were fixed to the epicardium of the right ventricle, and the four leads were connected to a double-chambered pacemaker.
(8) The local QT interval in the septum were relatively longer (69 to 123 msec), compared with that of the ventricular surface (50 to 98 msec), and such durations of ventricular epicardium and septum were considerably less than those of dogs and humans.
(9) Thus this chamber had an excellent capability of epicardium will yield more physiological benefits to patients with an agenetic or hypoplastic right ventricle than do the current surgical procedures, in which a conduit is interposed between the right atrium and the main pulmonary artery.
(10) In epicardium, the reduction of phase 0 and 1 amplitudes led to a slowing of the second action potential upstroke and an increase in the amplitude of phase 2.
(11) Approximately 50 white markers (diameter 1.5 mm) are attached to the epicardium and their motion is recorded on tape by a video camera.
(12) A transient outward current (Ito), long considered to be a unique feature of Purkinje fiber tissue, has recently been demonstrated in dog ventricular tissue in vitro and most prominently in the epicardium.
(13) 4-Aminopyridine, a transient outward current blocker, decreased the time dependence of phase 1 amplitude and concomitantly decreased the time dependence of action potential duration in epicardium.
(14) This study was designed to determine whether measurement of integrated backscatter could be used detect the progressive transmural shift of myofiber alignment that occurs from epicardium to endocardium in human ventricular wall segments.
(15) Next the model was used to study propagated excitation in a three-dimensional region representing the anisotropic properties of the ventricular wall, with attention to the effects produced by variable fiber direction from "endocardium" to "epicardium."
(16) Although their function is unknown, M cells may facilitate conduction in epicardium and are likely to influence or mediate the manifestation of electrocardiographic J waves, T waves, U waves, and long QT intervals and contribute importantly to arrhythmogenesis.
(17) Exposure of the preparation to simulated "ischemia" (hypoxia, acidosis, glucose deprivation and hyperkalemia) resulted in several electrophysiological derangements, including a marked depolarization of the maximum diastolic potential (MDP) in both endocardium and epicardium, shortening of the action potential duration (APD), and prolongation of the transmural conduction time followed by transmural conduction block.
(18) The transmural distribution pattern of the microspheres (endocardium-epicardium ratios) reveals that rigor mortis is a factor that should be taken into account.
(19) The tumor involved only the epicardium and myocardium, which met the criteria of primary cardiac lymphoma as defined by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
(20) There were no significant differences in the mean hydroxyproline content between the epicardium and the endocardium, between the left ventricle and the right ventricle, or among cardiovascular and renal disease group, malignant disease group and miscellaneous disease group.