(n.) That of the pericardium which forms the outer surface of the heart; the cardiac pericardium.
Example Sentences:
(1) Twenty-one of 24 adult male and female cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis ibis) collected in Geneva County, Alabama had numerous white cyst-like structures (1,466 microns X 354 microns) found within the loose connective tissues of the skeletal muscles of the inguinal region, beneath the serosa of the proventriculus and in the heart beneath the epicardium (one adult male bird).
(2) Without endocardial mapping many of these tachycardias would have been incorrectly identified as originating in the fascicles or epicardium.
(3) Rapid steady-state estimates of interstitial fluid (ISF) adenosine concentrations (ADOi) in the left ventricular epicardium of anesthetized dogs were obtained by the epicardial porous disc (EPD) method described herein.
(4) During a second surgical procedure approximately two weeks later, parasympathectomy was achieved by dissection and topical application of phenol to the fat pad and underlying epicardium at the inferior left atrial junction with the inferior vena cava; completeness of AVNR parasympathectomy was tested at surgery by supramaximal stimulation of right and left cervical vagi, with and without rapid atrial pacing.
(5) He used the internal mammary artery pedicle (Kolesov's pedicle, Feb. 25, 1964) and described beadlike nodules and a dimpling of the epicardium over the atherosclerotic coronary artery (Kolesov's groove sign, Jan. 26, 1965).
(6) Myocytes with a similar isomyosin complement appear clustered with a predominance of V1 in the epicardium.
(7) Two sensing electrodes were fixed to the epicardium of the right ventricle, and the four leads were connected to a double-chambered pacemaker.
(8) The local QT interval in the septum were relatively longer (69 to 123 msec), compared with that of the ventricular surface (50 to 98 msec), and such durations of ventricular epicardium and septum were considerably less than those of dogs and humans.
(9) Thus this chamber had an excellent capability of epicardium will yield more physiological benefits to patients with an agenetic or hypoplastic right ventricle than do the current surgical procedures, in which a conduit is interposed between the right atrium and the main pulmonary artery.
(10) In epicardium, the reduction of phase 0 and 1 amplitudes led to a slowing of the second action potential upstroke and an increase in the amplitude of phase 2.
(11) Approximately 50 white markers (diameter 1.5 mm) are attached to the epicardium and their motion is recorded on tape by a video camera.
(12) A transient outward current (Ito), long considered to be a unique feature of Purkinje fiber tissue, has recently been demonstrated in dog ventricular tissue in vitro and most prominently in the epicardium.
(13) 4-Aminopyridine, a transient outward current blocker, decreased the time dependence of phase 1 amplitude and concomitantly decreased the time dependence of action potential duration in epicardium.
(14) This study was designed to determine whether measurement of integrated backscatter could be used detect the progressive transmural shift of myofiber alignment that occurs from epicardium to endocardium in human ventricular wall segments.
(15) Next the model was used to study propagated excitation in a three-dimensional region representing the anisotropic properties of the ventricular wall, with attention to the effects produced by variable fiber direction from "endocardium" to "epicardium."
(16) Although their function is unknown, M cells may facilitate conduction in epicardium and are likely to influence or mediate the manifestation of electrocardiographic J waves, T waves, U waves, and long QT intervals and contribute importantly to arrhythmogenesis.
(17) Exposure of the preparation to simulated "ischemia" (hypoxia, acidosis, glucose deprivation and hyperkalemia) resulted in several electrophysiological derangements, including a marked depolarization of the maximum diastolic potential (MDP) in both endocardium and epicardium, shortening of the action potential duration (APD), and prolongation of the transmural conduction time followed by transmural conduction block.
(18) The transmural distribution pattern of the microspheres (endocardium-epicardium ratios) reveals that rigor mortis is a factor that should be taken into account.
(19) The tumor involved only the epicardium and myocardium, which met the criteria of primary cardiac lymphoma as defined by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
(20) There were no significant differences in the mean hydroxyproline content between the epicardium and the endocardium, between the left ventricle and the right ventricle, or among cardiovascular and renal disease group, malignant disease group and miscellaneous disease group.
Pericardium
Definition:
(n.) The double baglike fold of serous membrane which incloses the heart.
Example Sentences:
(1) These data demonstrate that 1) the pericardium increases ventricular interaction in both preterm and newborn lambs and 2) the relative percentage increase is similar for both age groups and not age dependent.
(2) Two patients had hilar lymph node metastases, one of them had also involvement of pericardium.
(3) The technique described involves placement of an intraluminal shunt and resection of the involved caval wall with reconstruction using autologous pericardium.
(4) 6 patients had thickened pericardium, and 3 had constrictive features.
(5) Experience with glutaraldehyde- and glycerol-treated pericardium in valvular applications in sheep support these observations.
(6) In addition, there are basic differences in the PNI formation on aldehyde-treated pericardium and natural aortic valves as compared to the Dacron fabric.
(7) Wide resection of tumor including pericardium, chest wall, left lung and left brachiocephalic vein was performed.
(8) The terminology of the pericardial sinuses and recesses has been inconsistent, and the authors propose a nomenclature for standardizing the names of the recesses of the serous pericardium.
(9) Two previously unnamed recesses within the serous pericardium are defined and named, one the inferior aortic recess of the transverse sinus and the other, the right pulmonic recess of the transverse sinus.
(10) Complete or partial absence of the pericardium is a relatively rare disorder.
(11) A review of 30 chest scans without evidence of heart disease showed that the pericardium can be seen in the majority of cases.
(12) The pericardium microcirculatory bed of rabbits was studied under conditions of hypokinesia of different duration.
(13) Fifty-one episodes of acute cardiac tamponade were induced to decompensation (decline in mean aortic blood pressure to 70% of the level present when the pericardium was free of fluid) in 6 dogs by intrapericardial infusion of warmed saline solution.
(14) A case of pericardial rupture with herniation of the heart through the pericardium into the left hemithorax is described.
(15) The artificial pericardium reduced adhesion, thus facilitating reoperation in implants lasting up to a month.
(16) Early recognition of these tumors within the pericardium is important since surgical removal is often curative.
(17) Its specific applications in surgical planning include the question of chest wall invasion, brachial plexus involvement, and transgression of the diaphragm, pericardium, or lung apex.
(18) The tumor was excised with the thymic glands together with the involved ascending aorta and pericardium.
(19) This follows from the fact that measured left ventricular diastolic pressure is equal to the sum of the pressure differences accross the myocardium and the pericardium.
(20) These results indicate that glutaraldehyde-tanned bovine pericardium can induce immunologic responses in vivo consistent with a host-versus-graft reaction.