(a.) Containing fossil remains; -- said of rocks, formations, mountains, and the like.
(a.) Of the nature of a disease which attacks many animals at the same time; -- corresponding to epidemic diseases among men.
(n.) An epizootic disease; a murrain; an epidemic influenza among horses.
Example Sentences:
(1) No cross reactions were found between bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer viruses.
(2) No VEE epizootics have been reported since the introduction of the live attenuated TC-83 vaccine virus.
(3) No sick or dead monkeys were found in all the forests checked around Entebbe area during the epizootic.
(4) The disease has been confined to sub-Saharan Africa, until it recently appeared in epizootic form in Egypt and in Israel.
(5) This showed that regardless of the small territory of the country the districts are sufficiently differing between each other (due to the various degrees of integration) so that they could not be grouped together by similar values of intensity of poultry breeding and epizootic conjuncture with regard to Newcastle disease.
(6) Widespread, frequent, and persistent rainfall has been a feature of these epizootic periods.
(7) The spirochete was seen in blood of fetuses with lesions of epizootic bovine abortion.
(8) The authors report an epizootic form of toxoplasmosis observed among the crowned pigeons (Goura cristata Pallas and Goura victoria Frazer).
(9) Acid fast rods, constituting chemoautotrophic nocardioform bacteria, could be repeatedly cultivated and isolated and propagated indefinitely in vitro from fish actinomycotic macrophage granuloma from the massive epizootics of ulcerative disease syndrome of fish in eastern India during 1988-90.
(10) This is the first localized epizootic defined in Argentina and the first in which EEE has been found as the sole etiologic arbovirus.
(11) Strains of both high and low virulence are involved in the present epizootic.
(12) The isolates have been typed as 27 separate viruses belonging to the bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, Palyam, Simbu, bovine ephemeral fever, Tibrogargan and alphavirus groups.
(13) Recommendations are given for control and prevention of clinical signs and, therefore, the severity of disease during epizootics of vesicular stomatitis in California dairies.
(14) In 1981, a localized epizootic of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) occurred in irrigated areas of four counties in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
(15) With regard to the one-year developmental cycle, D. reticulatus can be considered an appropriate indicator of current epizootic activity of the focus, while the occurrence of I. ricinus is rather an indicator of the geographic spread of foci.
(16) The model suggests that vaccinating growing pigs, in addition to the breeding herd, results in only a relatively small improvement in long-term productivity following a pseudorabies epizootic.
(17) Systematic microbiologic control was carried out in the 1972-1975 period on an elite poultry farm whereas from the 23,724 samples studied, taken from objects of the epizootic chain forage-birds-hatchery, 78 cultures of Salmonella organisms of 14 species or 0.32 per cent of the total number of samples were isolated.
(18) Control of East Coast Fever in the epizootic and disease-free areas is still a more complex issue.
(19) During the seal epizootic in Danish waters in 1988 a total of 81 adult seals were necropsied.
(20) An epizootic of feline infectious peritonitis in a captive cheetah population during 1982-1983 served to focus attention on the susceptibility of the cheetah (Acinoyx jubatus) to infectious disease.
Pandemic
Definition:
(a.) Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic.
(n.) A pandemic disease.
Example Sentences:
(1) The west Africa Ebola epidemic “Few global events match epidemics and pandemics in potential to disrupt human security and inflict loss of life and economic and social damage,” he said.
(2) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has resulted in a worldwide pandemic of infection.
(3) The cholera-pandemic raging in South and Middle America and endemic cholera in other countries call for measures of health protection of the local population, but particularly with respect to the young, old, pregnant and immunocompromised citizens of countries importing food from the areas where the disease has struck.
(4) The seventh pandemic of cholera is still continuing (92 countries have so far been affected), and other organisms related to V. cholerae O1 are being reported increasingly frequently as the cause of diarrhoeal outbreaks as well as endemic diarrhoea.Recent research has considerably increased our understanding of how cholera is transmitted, the mechanisms by which V. cholera O1 produces disease, and the functioning of the local intestinal immune response by which individuals can be protected from infection.
(5) It is argued that prior to the present AIDS pandemic the efficiency of the rev receptor was enhanced by an ancestral recombination event.
(6) This study provides arguments that (1) strains of biotypes cholerae and El Tor are different clones, (2) a cholera pandemic is not a single world-wide epidemic (due to a single clone) but rather a simultaneous occurrence of several epidemics (several clones involved), and (3) epidemic waves of biotype El Tor could be due to the emergence of new clones.
(7) Two hypotheses are advanced for the range of hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of viruses that can cause pandemics (1) circle or cycle limited to H1, H2, and H3 subtypes, thereby implying that a virus of the H2 subtype will cause the next pandemic; and (2) spiral, by which any one of the 14 HA subtypes recorded to date may be involved.
(8) This sequence is conserved in representative viruses from each of the major pandemics.
(9) The effect of the AIDS pandemic on the sexual behavior of the general population has not been clearly established.
(10) Mathematical modeling of the AIDS pandemic has been limited by the difficulty of satisfactorily representing the marked behavioral heterogeneity that characterizes the various populations at risk.
(11) Introductory comments are made regarding the seriousness of AIDS as a global pandemic, its initial identification and description, and the various patterns of epidemic spread observed throughout the world.
(12) The impact of the AIDS-pandemic on the social and economic structures will grow to very large dimensions in some countries.
(13) HIV is now a worldwide pandemic, affecting some ten million adults and one million children--the overwhelming majority from sub-Saharan Africa.
(14) (iv) The different virus lineages are predominantly host specific, but there are periodic exchanges of influenza virus genes or whole viruses between species, giving rise to pandemics of disease in humans, lower animals, and birds.
(15) Understanding of the nature and pathogenic mechanisms of the oral microbiota may lead to control of this pandemic infection.
(16) Only a limited number of A-subtypes of influenza virus so far caused disease in human subjects, pigs and horses; this occurred in more or less defined areas which occasionally showed epidemic aggravations, becoming apparent as rapidly spreading epidemics or otherwise in even the form of pandemics.
(17) This gap between discovery and disclosure allowed the Sony rootkit to become a global pandemic that infected hundreds of thousands of US military and government networks.
(18) The major antigenic changes in influenza A virus that occur at 10-year intervals reduce the effectiveness of existing vaccines and pose a problem for the control of pandemics by vaccination.
(19) These findings underline the importance of pigs as potential reservoirs for future human pandemics by the continued isolation (in Asia) of H3N2 and Hsw1N1 influenza viruses.
(20) Because prostitutes are viewed as a major source of a variety of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), many researchers have studied their role in spreading the AIDS pandemic.