(n.) A rare metallic element associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called erbia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The transmembrane potential of voltage-clamped squid giant axon is increased to compensate for a reduction in the rate of potassium channel kinetics when artificial seawater with trivalent erbium ion is substituted for artificial seawater.
(2) Post-mortem aortic specimens of normal wall, lipomatous and calcified plaques were exposed to both continuous wave lasers (argon, neodymium-YAG 1064 nm) coupled to hot-tipped or sapphire tipped fibres and pulsed lasers (Excimer 193 nm, CO2, erbium-YAG).
(3) A good dissection effect in cutting various tissues was produced in the second series of experiments with AIG-erbium laser.
(4) Erbium 169 was injected into 121 joints and saline water into 80 joints.
(5) The ablation effects of the Erbium:YAG laser (wave length: 2.94 microns) on the human extracted teeth were examined histopathologically.
(6) Vascular tissue ablation by an erbium:YAG laser of 2,940 nm was tested in-vitro with the application of increasing energies from 20 to 80 mJ per pulse.
(7) The effect of the intra-articular injection of radioactive erbium 169 and yttrium 90 on the growth of the leg in rabbits has been studied.
(8) The authors used a 2.9-microns infrared erbium:YAG (ER:YAG) laser to ablate the central corneas (a 3.5-mm wide, 180-microns deep area) of ten albino rabbits.
(9) Filtration by 0.1 mm of erbium produced a beam of narrower spectrum, greater penetration but lower intensity than that filtered conventionally by aluminium alone.
(10) It is concluded that, although the erbium: YAG laser may be a useful tool in orthopaedic surgery to ablate bone, under the conditions used in this study, there will be a delay in the healing process after laser osteotomy.
(11) It was concluded that the use of an erbium filter resulted in a worthwhile reduction in radiation dose, and was a cost-effective method of dose reduction.
(12) The use of the erbium filter had no effect on radiograph quality.
(13) A definite improvement was observed in 55% to 58% of cases with erbium 169 (+prednisolone acetate) and in 26% to 28% of cases with saline (+prednisolone acetate).
(14) Clinical evaluation of the usefulness of primary beam filtration with erbium to achieve marked reductions in radiation exposure and dosage was undertaken.
(15) The pellets contained the stable isotope erbium oxide (Er-170), which was later converted by neutron activation into the short-lived gamma ray-emitting radionuclide, erbium-171.
(16) The simultaneous action of AIG-neodymium and AIG-erbium beams converged at one point on the surface of the biological object was studied in the third series of experiments.
(17) As expected, carbohydrates that contained manganese or gadolinium were more effective relaxation agents than iron, copper, erbium, or nickel derivatives.
(18) Of the four Ln3+ ions tested lanthanum (La3+) was the strongest inhibitor; erbium (Er3+) and lutetium (Lu3+) were only weakly active, while samarium (Sm3+) had intermediate potency.
(19) The lasers used were continuous-wave neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, 1.06 microns) and pulsed holmium:yttrium scandium galliam garnet (YSGG) (2.10 microns), erbium:YSGG (2.79 microns), and erbium:YAG (2.94 microns).
(20) The solid state erbium:YAG, which is transmittable by fluoride fibers, offers theoretical advantages for laser angioplasty.
Oxygen
Definition:
(n.) A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96.
(n.) Chlorine used in bleaching.
Example Sentences:
(1) Steady-state values of cell, glucose, and cellulase concentration oxygen tension, and outlet gas oxygen partial pressure were recorded.
(2) It is concluded that amlodipine reduces myocardial ischemic injury by mechanism(s) that may involve a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand as well as by positively influencing transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes during ischemia and reperfusion.
(3) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
(4) Manometric studies with resting cells obtained by growth on each of these sulfur sources yielded net oxygen uptake for all substrates except sulfite and dithionate.
(5) The data indicate that ebselen is likely to be useful in the therapy of inflammatory conditions in which reactive oxygen species, such as peroxides, play an aetiological role.
(6) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(7) Microelectrodes were used to measure the oxygen tension (PO2) profile within individual spheroids at different stages of growth.
(8) However, time in greater than 21% oxygen was significantly longer in infants less than 1000 g (median 30 days, 8.5 days in patients greater than 1000 g, p less than 0.01).
(9) Previous studies have not evaluated the potential for oxygen toxicity at 9.5 psia.
(10) The pH of ST solutions varied with the mode of oxygenation as follows: 7.9-8.2 in Groups I and IV; 8.7-8.9 in Groups II and V; 7.1-7.4 in Groups III and VI.
(11) The aim of this study was to plot the course of the transcutaneously measured PCO2 (tcPCO2) in the fetus during oxygenation of the mother.
(12) Blood gas variables produced from a computed in vivo oxygen dissociation curve, PaeO2, P95 and C(a-x)O2, were introduced in the University Hospital of Wales in 1986.
(13) Also for bronchogenic carcinoma with that a dependence could be shown between haemoglobin concentration--and by this the oxygen supply of the tumor--and the reaction of the primary tumor after radiotherapy.
(14) The present results using approximately 12% hemoglobin concentration in 0.1 M Bistris buffer at pD 7 and 27 degrees C with and without organic phosphate show that there is no significant line broadening on oxygenation (from 0 to 50% saturation) to affect the determination of the intensities or areas of these resonances.
(15) There was good agreement between the survival of normally oxygenated cells in culture and bright cells from tumors and between hypoxic cells in culture and dim cells from tumors over a radiation dosage range of 2-5 Gray.
(16) In presence of oxygen (air) the phototactic reaction values are somewhat lower than in its absence.
(17) A fiberoptic flow-directed catheter inserted into the hepatic vein continuously measures hepatic venous oxygen hemoglobin saturation (ShvO2).
(18) Anaesthesia was achieved by a mixture of oxygen, nitrous oxide and fluothane without use of muscle relaxants.
(19) The use of 100% oxygen to calculate intrapulmonary shunting in patients on PEEP is misleading in both physiological and methodological terms.
(20) Tachycardia, pulmonary hypertension, increased venous oxygen desaturation, and increasing core temperature develop as the syndrome progresses.