(n.) A rare metallic element associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called erbia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The transmembrane potential of voltage-clamped squid giant axon is increased to compensate for a reduction in the rate of potassium channel kinetics when artificial seawater with trivalent erbium ion is substituted for artificial seawater.
(2) Post-mortem aortic specimens of normal wall, lipomatous and calcified plaques were exposed to both continuous wave lasers (argon, neodymium-YAG 1064 nm) coupled to hot-tipped or sapphire tipped fibres and pulsed lasers (Excimer 193 nm, CO2, erbium-YAG).
(3) A good dissection effect in cutting various tissues was produced in the second series of experiments with AIG-erbium laser.
(4) Erbium 169 was injected into 121 joints and saline water into 80 joints.
(5) The ablation effects of the Erbium:YAG laser (wave length: 2.94 microns) on the human extracted teeth were examined histopathologically.
(6) Vascular tissue ablation by an erbium:YAG laser of 2,940 nm was tested in-vitro with the application of increasing energies from 20 to 80 mJ per pulse.
(7) The effect of the intra-articular injection of radioactive erbium 169 and yttrium 90 on the growth of the leg in rabbits has been studied.
(8) The authors used a 2.9-microns infrared erbium:YAG (ER:YAG) laser to ablate the central corneas (a 3.5-mm wide, 180-microns deep area) of ten albino rabbits.
(9) Filtration by 0.1 mm of erbium produced a beam of narrower spectrum, greater penetration but lower intensity than that filtered conventionally by aluminium alone.
(10) It is concluded that, although the erbium: YAG laser may be a useful tool in orthopaedic surgery to ablate bone, under the conditions used in this study, there will be a delay in the healing process after laser osteotomy.
(11) It was concluded that the use of an erbium filter resulted in a worthwhile reduction in radiation dose, and was a cost-effective method of dose reduction.
(12) The use of the erbium filter had no effect on radiograph quality.
(13) A definite improvement was observed in 55% to 58% of cases with erbium 169 (+prednisolone acetate) and in 26% to 28% of cases with saline (+prednisolone acetate).
(14) Clinical evaluation of the usefulness of primary beam filtration with erbium to achieve marked reductions in radiation exposure and dosage was undertaken.
(15) The pellets contained the stable isotope erbium oxide (Er-170), which was later converted by neutron activation into the short-lived gamma ray-emitting radionuclide, erbium-171.
(16) The simultaneous action of AIG-neodymium and AIG-erbium beams converged at one point on the surface of the biological object was studied in the third series of experiments.
(17) As expected, carbohydrates that contained manganese or gadolinium were more effective relaxation agents than iron, copper, erbium, or nickel derivatives.
(18) Of the four Ln3+ ions tested lanthanum (La3+) was the strongest inhibitor; erbium (Er3+) and lutetium (Lu3+) were only weakly active, while samarium (Sm3+) had intermediate potency.
(19) The lasers used were continuous-wave neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, 1.06 microns) and pulsed holmium:yttrium scandium galliam garnet (YSGG) (2.10 microns), erbium:YSGG (2.79 microns), and erbium:YAG (2.94 microns).
(20) The solid state erbium:YAG, which is transmittable by fluoride fibers, offers theoretical advantages for laser angioplasty.
Terbium
Definition:
(n.) A rare metallic element, of uncertain identification, supposed to exist in certain minerals, as gadolinite and samarskite, with other rare ytterbium earth. Symbol Tr or Tb. Atomic weight 150.
Example Sentences:
(1) Three classes of Tb3+-binding sites have been found: a first class of low-affinity (Kd = 10 microM) corresponds to magnesium binding sites, located near a tryptophan residue of the protein; a second class of much higher affinity (less than 0.1 microM) corresponds to the calcium transport sites, their occupancy by terbium induces the E1 to E2 conformational change of the Ca2+-ATPase; a third class of sites is revealed by following the fluorescence transfer from formycin triphosphate (FTP) to terbium, evidencing that terbium ions can also bind into the nucleotide binding site at the same time as FTP.
(2) The interaction of three second-generation anthracycline derivatives with polynucleotides, supercoiled DNA, and calf thymus nucleosomes has been studied by terbium fluorescence measurements and agarose gel electrophoresis.
(3) On treatment of the axon with certain agents that include tetrodotoxin, high calcium and terbium, the rebound disappears and the fast phase slows down, increases in size, and has a new slow component added to it.
(4) We have taken continuous thin serial sections through patches of terbium trapped between pericytes and the endothelial cells of continuous capillaries in the rete mirabile of the eel.
(5) Two terbium ions, at least, bind to the Ca2+-ATPase in the close vicinity of FTP when this nucleotide is bound to the ATPase nucleotide site.
(6) The soluble analogue, N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-O-hemiadipate, did show marked effects on terbium fluorescence with all nucleic acids and nucleosomes, but the effects were generally not as striking as were those observed with the epimer, 4'-epi-Adriamycin, which tended to produce a similar effect to its parent drug, Adriamycin, showing that a marked change in the hexose ring did not appreciably affect the interaction of the drug with DNA.
(7) It was concluded that tryptophan in loop position 7 gave optimal luminescence enhancement, and that the additional inclusion of a tyrosine in the loop at positions 2 or 4 could further boost emission from the bound terbium.
(8) Terbium ions and terbium formycin triphosphate have been used to investigate the interactions between the cation and nucleotide binding sites of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.
(9) We report here on the effects of S-100b on cardiolipin vesicles as investigated by turbidity, terbium-dipicolinate fluorescence and freeze-fracture.
(10) The suitability of the intense Kalpha x rays of terbium emitted in the electron-capture decay of 159Dy for use in transmission imaging and bone mineral analysis is investigated.
(11) Resonance energy transfer from tryptophan residues to terbium occurred only with site A.
(12) The fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the RNA-terbium(III) complex is reported.
(13) In order to assess their physiological effects, we have examined the action of free terbium ions on the membrane potential and light-evoked responses of horizontal cells, and on the massed light evoked response (ERG) of the neural retina.
(14) Spectroscopically active terbium ions have been used to probe the Ca2+ ion-binding sites on human plasma gelsolin.
(15) The terbium chelate was found to bind tightly (Ka approximately 10(5) M-1) to the protein with a stoichiometry of 1 chelate molecule per protein dimer.
(16) Terbium (Tb3+) competitively inhibited 45Ca2+ binding to fibrinogen during equilibrium dialysis, accelerated fibrin polymerization, and limited fibrinogen fragment D digestion by plasmin.
(17) Calcium concentration dependence shows that this effect is associated with the replacement of terbium by calcium in the transport sites, inducing the E2----E1 transconformation when calcium is bound.
(18) For two different murine monoclonal antibodies, the average chelator content obtained by terbium fluorescence titration correlated closely with that measured by the cobalt-57 binding assay.
(19) We describe an ultrasensitive, enzymatically amplified time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in serum with use of a terbium chelate as the detectable moiety.
(20) While the rates of activation of calpain I by terbium and calcium are comparable, the rate of activation of calpain II was much greater in the presence of terbium than in the presence of calcium.