(n.) A rare metallic element associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called erbia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The transmembrane potential of voltage-clamped squid giant axon is increased to compensate for a reduction in the rate of potassium channel kinetics when artificial seawater with trivalent erbium ion is substituted for artificial seawater.
(2) Post-mortem aortic specimens of normal wall, lipomatous and calcified plaques were exposed to both continuous wave lasers (argon, neodymium-YAG 1064 nm) coupled to hot-tipped or sapphire tipped fibres and pulsed lasers (Excimer 193 nm, CO2, erbium-YAG).
(3) A good dissection effect in cutting various tissues was produced in the second series of experiments with AIG-erbium laser.
(4) Erbium 169 was injected into 121 joints and saline water into 80 joints.
(5) The ablation effects of the Erbium:YAG laser (wave length: 2.94 microns) on the human extracted teeth were examined histopathologically.
(6) Vascular tissue ablation by an erbium:YAG laser of 2,940 nm was tested in-vitro with the application of increasing energies from 20 to 80 mJ per pulse.
(7) The effect of the intra-articular injection of radioactive erbium 169 and yttrium 90 on the growth of the leg in rabbits has been studied.
(8) The authors used a 2.9-microns infrared erbium:YAG (ER:YAG) laser to ablate the central corneas (a 3.5-mm wide, 180-microns deep area) of ten albino rabbits.
(9) Filtration by 0.1 mm of erbium produced a beam of narrower spectrum, greater penetration but lower intensity than that filtered conventionally by aluminium alone.
(10) It is concluded that, although the erbium: YAG laser may be a useful tool in orthopaedic surgery to ablate bone, under the conditions used in this study, there will be a delay in the healing process after laser osteotomy.
(11) It was concluded that the use of an erbium filter resulted in a worthwhile reduction in radiation dose, and was a cost-effective method of dose reduction.
(12) The use of the erbium filter had no effect on radiograph quality.
(13) A definite improvement was observed in 55% to 58% of cases with erbium 169 (+prednisolone acetate) and in 26% to 28% of cases with saline (+prednisolone acetate).
(14) Clinical evaluation of the usefulness of primary beam filtration with erbium to achieve marked reductions in radiation exposure and dosage was undertaken.
(15) The pellets contained the stable isotope erbium oxide (Er-170), which was later converted by neutron activation into the short-lived gamma ray-emitting radionuclide, erbium-171.
(16) The simultaneous action of AIG-neodymium and AIG-erbium beams converged at one point on the surface of the biological object was studied in the third series of experiments.
(17) As expected, carbohydrates that contained manganese or gadolinium were more effective relaxation agents than iron, copper, erbium, or nickel derivatives.
(18) Of the four Ln3+ ions tested lanthanum (La3+) was the strongest inhibitor; erbium (Er3+) and lutetium (Lu3+) were only weakly active, while samarium (Sm3+) had intermediate potency.
(19) The lasers used were continuous-wave neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, 1.06 microns) and pulsed holmium:yttrium scandium galliam garnet (YSGG) (2.10 microns), erbium:YSGG (2.79 microns), and erbium:YAG (2.94 microns).
(20) The solid state erbium:YAG, which is transmittable by fluoride fibers, offers theoretical advantages for laser angioplasty.
Ytterbium
Definition:
(n.) A rare element of the boron group, sometimes associated with yttrium or other related elements, as in euxenite and gadolinite. Symbol Yb; provisional atomic weight 173.2. Cf. Yttrium.
Example Sentences:
(1) The displacement of calcium by ytterbium at the EF site has caused a movement in the polypeptide backbone of Ser-91 and Asp-92.
(2) The elements added to increase radiopacity in the composite materials are barium, strontium, zinc, zirconium, and ytterbium.
(3) Ytterbium attached to sorghum was used as a particulate marker.
(4) The RIHSA or Ytterbium isotope-examination are not an extra burden to the patient if the radiopharmacon is introduced into the dural sac following Queckenstedt's test.
(5) Synthetic triclinic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals were uniformly trace-labeled with Ytterbium-169 (169Yb), a pure gamma-emitting isotope with a halflife of 31 days.
(6) Use is made of some new ideas that allow quantification of the likely dose homogeneity that can be obtained in a brachytherapy distribution, and in this context ytterbium 169 is shown to be superior to some currently available brachytherapy nuclides.
(7) Nutrient markers were oxides of samarium, scandium, ytterbium, and europium.
(8) Ruminal turnover rates of liquid were measured with chromium-ethylenediaminetetraacetate and solid turnover rates with ytterbium-marked fecal fiber, both dosed through the ruminal cannula.
(9) The addition of ytterbium to calcium-saturated porcine intestinal calcium-binding protein resulted in the appearance of broad lanthanide-shifted resonances well outside the normally observed region of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the calcium form of the protein.
(10) Samples of duodenal digesta representative of a 24 h period were obtained using chromium-EDTA and ytterbium acetate for flow estimation and 35S as a marker of microbial N entering the small intestine.
(11) Similar results were obtained with ytterbium and tungsten in lumbar spine studies.
(12) In the present study ovarian blood flow was determined before and after a single intravenous injection of LH to anaesthetized, post-pubertal virgin rabbits, using 15 plus or minus 5 mum microspheres, labelled with Ytterbium-169 and Scandium-46.
(13) Isotope studies after injection of Ytterbium 169DTPA into the underlying cyst have shown abnormal patterns in CSF circulation and absorption.
(14) The crystal structure confirms the NMR studies, which suggest that low concentrations of ytterbium cause an extensive displacement of calcium from the EF metal binding site.
(15) Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) derivatives on penetration of ytterbium-169 and cerium-144 into the rat offspring.
(16) Injection of ytterbium-169 as a complex with EDTA or DTPA or injection of Na2Ca EDTA or Na3Ca DTPA 1h after administration of cerium-144 to mothers reduced penetration of both radionuclides into offsprings in relation to the animals receiving no complex compounds.
(17) Ytterbium 169 (half-life 32 days; mean gamma emission 93 keV, after excluding photons of energy less than 10 keV) is a radionuclide with interesting potential for brachytherapy applications.
(18) Penetration of radioactive ytterbium-169 and cerium-144 into fetuses was determined at the end of pregnancy and penetration into the organism of suckling rats was studied during feeding with the milk of exposed mothers when EDTA or DTPA derivatives were being administered.
(19) CT scans of increasing concentrations of ytterbium and iodine showed that at 125 kVp, ytterbium was denser than an equal concentration of iodine.
(20) Of this, 8.8% of the ytterbium had migrated to the hay, 2% was recovered in the supernatant and 89.2% remained bound to the corn.