(n.) A rare metallic element associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called erbia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The transmembrane potential of voltage-clamped squid giant axon is increased to compensate for a reduction in the rate of potassium channel kinetics when artificial seawater with trivalent erbium ion is substituted for artificial seawater.
(2) Post-mortem aortic specimens of normal wall, lipomatous and calcified plaques were exposed to both continuous wave lasers (argon, neodymium-YAG 1064 nm) coupled to hot-tipped or sapphire tipped fibres and pulsed lasers (Excimer 193 nm, CO2, erbium-YAG).
(3) A good dissection effect in cutting various tissues was produced in the second series of experiments with AIG-erbium laser.
(4) Erbium 169 was injected into 121 joints and saline water into 80 joints.
(5) The ablation effects of the Erbium:YAG laser (wave length: 2.94 microns) on the human extracted teeth were examined histopathologically.
(6) Vascular tissue ablation by an erbium:YAG laser of 2,940 nm was tested in-vitro with the application of increasing energies from 20 to 80 mJ per pulse.
(7) The effect of the intra-articular injection of radioactive erbium 169 and yttrium 90 on the growth of the leg in rabbits has been studied.
(8) The authors used a 2.9-microns infrared erbium:YAG (ER:YAG) laser to ablate the central corneas (a 3.5-mm wide, 180-microns deep area) of ten albino rabbits.
(9) Filtration by 0.1 mm of erbium produced a beam of narrower spectrum, greater penetration but lower intensity than that filtered conventionally by aluminium alone.
(10) It is concluded that, although the erbium: YAG laser may be a useful tool in orthopaedic surgery to ablate bone, under the conditions used in this study, there will be a delay in the healing process after laser osteotomy.
(11) It was concluded that the use of an erbium filter resulted in a worthwhile reduction in radiation dose, and was a cost-effective method of dose reduction.
(12) The use of the erbium filter had no effect on radiograph quality.
(13) A definite improvement was observed in 55% to 58% of cases with erbium 169 (+prednisolone acetate) and in 26% to 28% of cases with saline (+prednisolone acetate).
(14) Clinical evaluation of the usefulness of primary beam filtration with erbium to achieve marked reductions in radiation exposure and dosage was undertaken.
(15) The pellets contained the stable isotope erbium oxide (Er-170), which was later converted by neutron activation into the short-lived gamma ray-emitting radionuclide, erbium-171.
(16) The simultaneous action of AIG-neodymium and AIG-erbium beams converged at one point on the surface of the biological object was studied in the third series of experiments.
(17) As expected, carbohydrates that contained manganese or gadolinium were more effective relaxation agents than iron, copper, erbium, or nickel derivatives.
(18) Of the four Ln3+ ions tested lanthanum (La3+) was the strongest inhibitor; erbium (Er3+) and lutetium (Lu3+) were only weakly active, while samarium (Sm3+) had intermediate potency.
(19) The lasers used were continuous-wave neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, 1.06 microns) and pulsed holmium:yttrium scandium galliam garnet (YSGG) (2.10 microns), erbium:YSGG (2.79 microns), and erbium:YAG (2.94 microns).
(20) The solid state erbium:YAG, which is transmittable by fluoride fibers, offers theoretical advantages for laser angioplasty.
Yttrium
Definition:
(n.) A rare metallic element of the boron-aluminium group, found in gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a dark gray powder. Symbol Y. Atomic weight, 89.
Example Sentences:
(1) These data indicate that 1) the equilibrium stability constant is not a good indicator of the in vivo stability of metal-labeled proteins and 2) it is possible to manipulate the ion distribution and therefore the dose from scandium-47 and yttrium-90 after injection of the labeled proteins.
(2) Both abscesses were drained transendoscopically by use of a contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser.
(3) A neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was used to study effects of applying laser irradiation transendoscopically to the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage in horses.
(4) It decomposes to Yttrium 90 which has a half life of 62 hours.
(5) Differences in the degree of chromosomal damage have been shown with various colloidal forms of yttrium 90, and the severity of these changes has been shown to correlate with the degree of leakage of radio-isotope to the draining lymph node rather than with whole-body irradiation.
(6) A neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was used to induce highly reproducible focal cortical lesions in anesthetized rats.
(7) An elderly male patient with advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma, requiring increasing analgesia, underwent interstitial pituitary irradiation by implantation of yttrium-90.
(8) To measure the concentrations of yttrium-oxide-coated small-dispersed silicon nitride plasma powder, the air was aspirated at the amount of 10-15 litres per min through the AFA-XP filter.
(9) These data indicate that the human liver may tolerate relatively large radiation doses when delivered by Yttrium-90 microspheres embedded in the liver parenchyma as a number of discrete point sources.
(10) This article reviews holmium:YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser physics, its tissue effects, and reports initial experience with its use in TMJ arthroscopy.
(11) Based upon the assumption that oxygen may be a key to superconductivity properties, we have also investigated the visibility of the oxygen sites as well as the heavier yttrium and barium ion positions and the lighter Cu atom positions.
(12) Removal of the lipoma was achieved with the Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser through a fiberoptic bronchoscope.
(13) Five patients with severe fibrous subglottic and tracheal stenosis were treated by endoscopic radial laser incision and dilation using both carbon dioxide and neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet lasers.
(14) A technique is described using a neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in combination with a special tracheoscope and high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV).
(15) Furthermore, high rates of yttrium-88 elution correlated with deposition in bone.
(16) Nine patients were treated with preoperative endobronchial neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser resection to facilitate a lung-preserving surgical resection.
(17) We conclude that this newly devised technique for transurethral prostatectomy in the canine model can be performed safely and effectively using a Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser (Neodymium:YAG).
(18) Successful imaging with this system has been performed with beta-emitters 14C, sulfur-35 (35S), iodine-131 (131I), yttrium-90 (90Y), and positron emitters gallium-68 (68Ga), and fluorine-18 (18F).
(19) In an attempt to ablate the laryngeal saccule as an alternative method of sacculectomy (conventially done through a laryngotomy incision for laryngeal hemiplegia) a neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser was used transendoscopically in noncontact fashion in 6 horses.
(20) A 22-micron glass microsphere called TheraSphere (Theragenics Corp., Atlanta, GA) has been developed in which yttrium 89 oxide is incorporated into the glass matrix and is activated by neutron bombardment to form the beta-emitting isotope yttrium 90 (Y 90) before using the spheres as radiotherapeutic vehicles.