(1) PK46 and PK42 comigrated with proteins that reacted with antibodies against extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs).
(2) Activation of the ERKs requires both threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation suggestive of a key role in mediating intracellular events in response to extracellular cues.
(3) Expression of oncogenic ras in PC12 cells causes neuronal differentiation and sustained protein tyrosine phosphorylation and activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), p42erk2 and p44erk1.
(4) We now describe cloning and characterization of two ERK1-related kinases, ERK2 and ERK3, and provide evidence suggesting that there are additional ERK family members.
(5) Bacterial expression of mouse gene Erk-1 yielded an active kinase with the same substrate specificity shown for ERK1 protein purified from rat cells.
(6) The bt-Erk-1 protein also had the capacity to reactivate the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6KII).
(7) In this communication we describe assays utilizing the Erk-1 protein fused to glutathione S-transferase that permit the identification of protein kinase(s) that phosphorylate and activate the myelin basic protein kinase activity encoded by the Erk-1 gene.
(8) These results indicate that ERKs mediate signal transduction by ET.
(9) Because both Ras and the microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases ERK1 and ERK2 have been implicated in events that lead to neurite outgrowth, we explored the possibility that Ras and ERKs may lie on the same signaling pathway.
(10) Chromosomes have been manipulated within mitotic human embryonic lung, ERK, and HeLa cells.
(11) The antibodies detect ERKs in cell lines from multiple species, including human, mouse, dog, chicken, and frog, in addition to rat, indicating that the kinases are conserved across species.
(12) The antibodies recognize both ERK1; a closely related kinase, ERK2; and a third novel ERK-related protein.
(13) Reactivity with anti-ERK-1 antibodies was observed only in the precipitate of chemoattractant-stimulated cells.
(14) Oncogenic N-ras-induced neuronal differentiation is inhibited by compounds that block ERK protein tyrosine phosphorylation or ERK activity, indicating that ERKs are not only activated by p21ras but serve as the primary downstream effectors of p21ras.
(15) Treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor or fibroblast growth factor results in neuronal differentiation and in a sustained elevation of p21ras activity, of ERK activity, and of ERK tyrosine phosphorylation.
(16) The regulation of the Erk (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) gene-encoded protein kinase activity by reversible phosphorylation has been reported to involve either an activator of autophosphorylation or an upstream protein kinase.
(17) Here we show that interleukin-2 selectively stimulates the phosphorylation and activation of p70 S6 kinase but not the erk-encoded MAP kinases and rsk-encoded S6 kinases.
(18) Studies with cultured cells, Xenopus, and sea star oocytes have furthered our understanding of possible functions of Erks in vivo.
(19) Treatment of intact PC12 cells with bradykinin or NGF increased both the phosphorylation of TH-Ser31 in situ and the catalytic activity of ERKs (measured subsequently in vitro with myelin basic protein as substrate).
(20) Conversion of the tyrosine site of phosphorylation to phenylalanine yielded an Erk-1 gene product that could not be activated.
Slothful
Definition:
(a.) Addicted to sloth; inactive; sluggish; lazy; indolent; idle.
Example Sentences:
(1) Although the retinal organization differs from that of the closely related three-toed sloth, the presumed function of retinal specializations in both species is to guide limb movements by permitting visualization of the branch along which the animal is climbing.
(2) Whenever anyone ascribes some inherent characteristic – of sloth or unwillingness – to an entire race, even if it is your own, you should smell a rat.
(3) The low functional residual capacity lung density in the sloth was attributable to unusually large alveoli.
(4) Over the course of this series, themes of unemployment, poor grooming and sloth emerge, all of which are qualities found in our first loser, Kris.
(5) Nick Offerman, the comic he-man of Parks and Recreation, stars as Ignatius J Reilly, a gluttonous and concupiscent layabout, slothfully adrift in New Orleans.
(6) Sloths are very responsive to epinephrine and norepinephrine; i.v.
(7) Updated at 9.20pm BST 9.01pm BST A second Republican Senate candidate has distanced himself from Mitt Romney 's discourse on the miserable sloth and entitled arrogance of 47% of Americans: Sen. Scott Brown, facing a tough fight in left-leaning Massachusetts, emails The Hill to say Romney's Randian world view of producers-versus-parasites is not his: That’s not the way I view the world.
(8) The working class is redivided into the hard-working taxpayer and the slothful undeserving poor, with the former subsumed into the "people", the latter into its other.
(9) Tilting sloths anesthetized with chloralose from erect to supine or supine to erect produced little or no effect on heart rate.
(10) Sloth fat cells showed a very low glucose oxidation to 14CO2 and incorporation into total lipids.
(11) Acute, fatal infections with this parasite are also recorded in a number of captive "coatimundis", Nasua narica (Carnivora: Procyonidae) and a sloth, Bradypus tridactylus (Edentata).
(12) The cellular composition and relative frequency of the occurrence of pancreatic endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in a primitive eutherian and arboreal folivore, the three-toed sloth, since previous histochemical and ultrastructural studies on the endocrine pancreas of the sloth have detected only a single islet cell type, the A cell.
(13) The intestinal of the 3-toed sloth, Bradypus tridactylus, was studied macroscopically, with light microscope and with histochemical methods for mucosubstances.
(14) 8.50pm BST 48 min: Dortmund have started with the same zip that they started the first half - and Bayern with the same sloth.
(15) Leishmania (Viannia) shawi Lainson, Braga, de Souza, Póvoa, Ishikawa & Silveira, 1989, was originally recorded from monkeys (Cebus apella and Chiropotes satanas), sloths (Choloepus didactylus and Bradypus tridactylus) and coatis (Nasua nasua) and the sandfly, Lutzomyia whitmani.
(16) Rincón lists his most significant findings with the contagious enthusiasm of a child reciting the cast of the Ice Age movies: the giant femur of a six-tonne mastodon, a giant ground sloth, a 10-ft pelican, caimans the size of buses and the almost intact skull of a sabre-toothed tiger.
(17) Like a stern housekeeper, he has roamed from floor to floor in government buildings, casting disapproving glances at the litter, the sloth and the lack of discipline.
(18) Since it has been reported that sloths have a very low rate on thyroxine secretion, the results are discussed in relation to data in the literature on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in hypothyroid animals.
(19) A s a fashion accessory, the beard occupies the sweet spot where sloth meets affectation – that’s why I’ve got one – although you couldn’t really call facial hair fashionable any more.
(20) He moved with the bounce of a sloth, served meekly and lacked any of the vim that had carried him this far.