(n.) That part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the stomach; the gullet. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive.
Example Sentences:
(1) Nine months later, the animals were sacrificed, the esophagus and the gastric stump were removed for histologic examination.
(2) Oral administration in domestic cats causes malignant hepatomas and tumors of the esophagus and kidney.
(3) Currently, photodynamic therapy is under FDA-approved clinical investigational trials in the treatment of tumors of the skin, bronchus, esophagus, bladder, head and neck, and of gynecologic and ocular tumors.
(4) Cancer of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus has decreased in all Japanese migrants, but the decrease is much greater among Okinawan migrants, suggesting they have escaped exposure to risk factors peculiar to the Okinawan environment.
(5) A 25-year-old woman presented with a giant leiomyoma in the lower third of the esophagus.
(6) During this 3-week period of no esophagus, the nutritional status can be adequately maintained by intravenous hyperalimentation.
(7) In adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and stomach, EUS prediction of stages T1 to T3 correlated well with the actual rate of R0 resection.
(8) During a 25-year period, four patients with esophageal diverticulum associated with carcinoma of the esophagus underwent surgery.
(9) To decrease the incidence of postoperative leakage, we used the Gambee's method of single layer anastomosis in cervical esophagogastrostomy for carcinoma of the hypopharynx and superior segment of the esophagus.
(10) Dairy pipeline cleaners were the single most common causative substance, injuring ten toddlers (mean age 1.6 years), perforating the esophagus in two.
(11) We have reported the first case in the English literature in which there is a strong association between long-term immunosuppressive therapy and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
(12) Pure sarcomas of the esophagus are exceedingly rare.
(13) Deep body temperature was recorded from the tympanic membrane, oral cavity, esophagus, and rectum.
(14) Case histories of two patients with hypertensive LES and normal peristalsis in the body of the esophagus are contrasted to that of a patient with a hypertensive LES and diffuse esophageal spasm.
(15) The results suggested that Bulbus allii had a preventive action against carcinoma of the esophagus, which could be attributed to increasing the immunity.
(16) We have found 20 cases of ectopic gastric mucosa in the proximal esophagus.
(17) Within 2 days after surgical correction of the bronchoesophageal fistula, peristalsis in the thoracic portion of the esophagus returned to normal and the esophagus resumed its normal size.
(18) On bronchogram and pulmonary arteriogram, the trachea and right bronchus were compressed and shifted with the anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery which originated from the right pulmonary artery and passed between the trachea and esophagus.
(19) Atropine stimulated significantly the rat liver and esophagus carcinogenesis, whereas the alpha-adrenoblocking agent, a pyrrhoxane analogue, and, particularly, proserine inhibited these processes.
(20) Patients with advanced carcinomas of the hypopharynx or upper esophagus have among the worst prognoses in head and neck oncology.
Larynx
Definition:
(n.) The expanded upper end of the windpipe or trachea, connected with the hyoid bone or cartilage. It contains the vocal cords, which produce the voice by their vibrations, when they are stretched and a current of air passes between them. The larynx is connected with the pharynx by an opening, the glottis, which, in mammals, is protected by a lidlike epiglottis.
Example Sentences:
(1) Because of the small number of patients reported in the world literature and lack of controlled studies, the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the larynx remains controversial; this retrospective analysis suggests that combination chemotherapy plus radiation offers the best chance for cure.
(2) The present study examines kinematic details of the laryngeal articulatory gesture in 2 deaf speakers and a control subject using transillumination of the larynx.
(3) General anaesthesia with apneic oxygenation may offer the ENT surgeon increased possibilities of exploration and operation at the level of the larynx and trachea, but owing to its biological consequences, it should be used only with circumspection and its indications should be totally justified, for acts of limited duration.
(4) Although the majority of papillomatous lesions of the oral cavity and the larynx contain papillomavirus DNA sequences, other benign and malignant lesions still remain negative.
(5) Compared to related compounds, N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and N-nitrosobis(2-acetoxy-propyl)amine which are also pancreatic carcinogens, BOP induced only a few neoplasms of the lung, liver, and kidney and none in the nasal cavity, larynx, and trachea.
(6) The respiratory functions of the oropharynx, larynx, and trachea of normal human fetuses in utero were explored by means of real-time, two-dimensional ultrasonography combined with color-flow and spectral Doppler analysis.
(7) Three hundred sixteen female patients with cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth were examined and the following cancer sites were compared with respect to alcohol and tobacco consumption: oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, epilarynx, lip, and mouth.
(8) Simultaneously a significant decrease of the oxidative activity of serum ceruloplasmin in the individuals with carcinoma of the larynx after a previous surgical treatment was observed.
(10) Hypoxic mixtures introduced into the larynx did not change breathing.
(11) Attacks of HANE, sometimes fatal when involving the larynx may, among other causes, be triggered by the anesthetist's manipulation of the upper airway (tracheal intubation).
(12) When tracheal intubation is essential and mouth opening is less than 25 mm, it is unlikely that the larynx will be visualized by direct laryngoscopy.
(13) To review the physiologic basis for normal and abnormal vagal reflexes arising from the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, as well as the relevance of vagal reflexes to the pathogenesis of such clinically common cardiorespiratory responses as bradycardia, tachycardia, dysrhythmia, coronary angiospasm, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, prolonged apnea, and singultus (hiccups).
(14) Together with regional and topical anesthesia of the larynx and trachea, this method resulted in stable maternal hemodynamics without resulting in neonatal depression.
(15) The risk for a smoker of developing cancer of the larynx depends on the activity of the enzyme arylhydroxcarbonhydroxylase in his cells.
(16) IR-ACTH, IR-gamma MSH, and IR-beta END were detected in all six pheochromocytomas and all 12 lung tumors (six squamous cell carcinomas, five adenocarcinomas, and one small cell carcinoma) we examined, as well as in a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.
(17) Hypoparathyroidism occurs secondary to surgery for carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx in which a total thyroidectomy is required.
(18) Loss of HLA class I antigens was more frequent on basal cell carcinomas and sarcomas and was related to tumour differentiation on larynx carcinoma.
(19) Recent studies have shown the rat larynx to be an important organ in the evaluation of irritancy of inhaled materials.
(20) These pathways affect the following respiratory structures: bronchial smooth muscle; the mucociliary system; the larynx; and the nose.