(n.) An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
(2) Preincubation of human neutrophils with recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha has previously been shown by us to enhance superoxide production of neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate.
(3) Tumor promoting phorbol esters (1-1000 nM) could also inhibit PGE2 stimulated cAMP production dose dependently.
(4) These products were identified to be epimers of 5,12(S)-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester (5,12(S)-diHETE-Me) and epimers of 11,12-diHETE-Me.
(5) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
(6) The immunodetectable PKC level in hypothyroid liver was elevated 7.7-fold, whereas the phorbol-ester binding capacity and the immunodetectable alpha-PKC level were increased 2.4- and 2.6-fold, respectively.
(7) The presence of a previously unreported dipeptide transport mechanism within blood leukocytes and the selective enrichment of the granule enzyme, DPPI, within cytotoxic effector cells of lymphoid or myeloid lineage appear to afford a unique mechanism for the targeting of immunotherapeutic reagents composed of simple dipeptide esters or amides.
(8) Incubation of membrane with DL-Hcys alone (5 X 10(-5) M), the combination of both Ad (5 X 10(-5)) and DL-Hcys (5 X 10(-5)), or S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) (1 X 10(-6)) strongly decreased the methyl ester formation.
(9) To this purpose, the formation of DHT has been measured in rat glial cell cultures after different time of exposure to TPA, 4 alpha-Ph, an active and an inactive phorbol ester respectively, and 8-Br-cAMP.
(10) Insulin incubation of plasma membranes pretreated with protease inhibitors (leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride) or with exogenous trypsin, but not chymotrypsin substrates (esters of arginine and tyrosine) yields an inactive supernatant on PDH.
(11) Lymphocyte stimulation by phorbol ester for a short time induces c-fos and c-myc expression, but has no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation.
(12) The cryptoxanthin esters varied from 5 to 10% of the total carotenoids in Valencia orange juice concentrates and from 10 to 15% of the total carotenoids in Navel orange juice concentrates.
(13) Early in the regression process, cholesterol esters are reduced at least partly by hydrolysis to yield cholesterol, some of which may crystallize and inhibit rapid regression.
(14) The kinetics of the luminescent signal with the different luciferin esters varied significantly, indicating possible differences in the rates of uptake, breakdown and enzyme inhibition.
(15) In comparison to rat pancreas, [D-Phe6]BN-(6-13)ethyl ester, Ac-GRP-(20-26)ethyl ester, [D-Phe6,Cpa14, psi 13-14]BN-(6-14), [Leu14, psi 13-14]BN, and [Leu14, psi 9,10]BN had a 10,000-, 2,940-, 1,425-, 122-, and 4-fold, respectively, weaker affinity for BN receptors.
(16) Enzymatic lability does not, however, play as important a role as lipophilicity in the corneal and conjunctival penetration of cycloalkyl and aryl ester prodrugs.
(17) To determine whether the triadimefon-induced hyperactivity is due to an action on CNS catecholaminergic systems, we evaluated the effects of combined treatment of triadimefon with either the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor d,l-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl (alpha MPT) or the amine depletor reserpine.
(18) Growth of C. albicans in the presence of AGE affected the yeast lipid in a number of ways: the total lipid content was decreased; garlic-grown yeasts had a higher level of phosphatidylserines and a lower level of phosphatidylcholines; in addition to free sterols and sterol esters, C. albicans accumulated esterified steryl glycosides; the concentration of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) increased and that of linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) decreased.
(19) In comparison with native counterparts, the in vitro-formed LDL2 and HDL + VHDL were characterized by lower levels of triglyceride and cholesterol ester and higher levels of free cholesterol and lipid phosphorus.
(20) Several histidine derivatives are not susceptible to the enzyme but do inhibit the enzyme activity competitively; the most effective inhibitors are L-histidine methyl ester (Ki = 3.66 mM) and beta-imidazole lactic acid (Ki = 3.84 mM).
Fulminate
Definition:
(v. i.) To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.
(v. i.) To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.
(v. t.) To cause to explode.
(v. t.) To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority.
(v. i.) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic.
(v. i.) A fulminating powder.
Example Sentences:
(1) Cerebral edema is a serious complication of the encephalopathy in fulminant hepatic failure.
(2) This paper details the first case report of a patient with fulminant, gangrenous, ischemic colitis caused by polyarteritis nodosa which was successfully treated surgically.
(3) Two cases have been examined in detail, one because of a fulminant shock after synthetic ACTH and the other because of very high antibody titres without clinical symptoms of ACTH allergy.
(4) Histopathology of the tissues infected by M. incognitus varied from no pathological changes to fulminant necrosis with or without an associated inflammatory reaction.
(5) This is the first case of a fulminant phase of mumps ventriculitis leading to aqueductal stenosis, which has been treated using a ventriculoscope for the first time.
(6) Hyperacute rejection is uncommon, although syndromes of fulminant graft failure due to immunological mechanisms have been described.
(7) Prolonged disturbance of consciousness associated with periodic EEG discharges developed in a 57-year-old male after fulminant hepatitis.
(8) A 23-year old female patient on a prolonged regimen of tuberculostatic chemotherapy finally developed fulminant hepatic failure shortly after addition of hormonal contraception.
(9) Such markers are prerequisites for therapeutic trials with potent drugs which are only justified for patients with fulminant hepatitis and patients with progression to chronicity.
(10) We conclude that liver transplantation can be applied successfully to the difficult clinical problem of fulminant and subacute hepatic failure.
(11) One case of fulminating disease showed a change to slow progression and survived a year longer than was otherwise expected.
(12) Splenectomy was performed on one twin at age seven years who survived a complicating pneumococcal septicaemia ten days after the procedure, but who succumbed to fulminating infection three years later.
(13) Symptoms continued to worsen, however, and the patient died of fulminant hepatic necrosis.
(14) The fulminant collection of pseudopolyps was palable in the epigastrium on physical exam and caused a partial obstruction to the retrograde flow of barium.
(15) Two of the patients (both teenagers) died of fulminant infection during the first 36 hours of therapy and one elderly woman developed aspiration pneumonia requiring penicillin therapy to be prolonged beyond four days.
(16) Sudden enhanced replication of a HBV mutant as a result of such therapy can be a cause of either very severe hepatitis or occasionally fulminant hepatitis.
(17) In addition to the classic signs of a fulminant ruptured ectopic pregnancy, a history of upper abdominal pain was the only distinguishing feature.
(18) These findings indicate that flumazenil may be valuable in treatment of acute HE occurring in fulminant hepatic failure or in decompensated cirrhosis.
(19) In the absence of definitive medical treatment for severe fulminant hepatic failure, liver transplantation may be appropriate in selected patients.
(20) The spectrum of disease patterns ranges from a benign form to a very fulminant and occasionally fatal one.