(n.) An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
(2) Preincubation of human neutrophils with recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha has previously been shown by us to enhance superoxide production of neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate.
(3) Tumor promoting phorbol esters (1-1000 nM) could also inhibit PGE2 stimulated cAMP production dose dependently.
(4) These products were identified to be epimers of 5,12(S)-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester (5,12(S)-diHETE-Me) and epimers of 11,12-diHETE-Me.
(5) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
(6) The immunodetectable PKC level in hypothyroid liver was elevated 7.7-fold, whereas the phorbol-ester binding capacity and the immunodetectable alpha-PKC level were increased 2.4- and 2.6-fold, respectively.
(7) The presence of a previously unreported dipeptide transport mechanism within blood leukocytes and the selective enrichment of the granule enzyme, DPPI, within cytotoxic effector cells of lymphoid or myeloid lineage appear to afford a unique mechanism for the targeting of immunotherapeutic reagents composed of simple dipeptide esters or amides.
(8) Incubation of membrane with DL-Hcys alone (5 X 10(-5) M), the combination of both Ad (5 X 10(-5)) and DL-Hcys (5 X 10(-5)), or S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) (1 X 10(-6)) strongly decreased the methyl ester formation.
(9) To this purpose, the formation of DHT has been measured in rat glial cell cultures after different time of exposure to TPA, 4 alpha-Ph, an active and an inactive phorbol ester respectively, and 8-Br-cAMP.
(10) Insulin incubation of plasma membranes pretreated with protease inhibitors (leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride) or with exogenous trypsin, but not chymotrypsin substrates (esters of arginine and tyrosine) yields an inactive supernatant on PDH.
(11) Lymphocyte stimulation by phorbol ester for a short time induces c-fos and c-myc expression, but has no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation.
(12) The cryptoxanthin esters varied from 5 to 10% of the total carotenoids in Valencia orange juice concentrates and from 10 to 15% of the total carotenoids in Navel orange juice concentrates.
(13) Early in the regression process, cholesterol esters are reduced at least partly by hydrolysis to yield cholesterol, some of which may crystallize and inhibit rapid regression.
(14) The kinetics of the luminescent signal with the different luciferin esters varied significantly, indicating possible differences in the rates of uptake, breakdown and enzyme inhibition.
(15) In comparison to rat pancreas, [D-Phe6]BN-(6-13)ethyl ester, Ac-GRP-(20-26)ethyl ester, [D-Phe6,Cpa14, psi 13-14]BN-(6-14), [Leu14, psi 13-14]BN, and [Leu14, psi 9,10]BN had a 10,000-, 2,940-, 1,425-, 122-, and 4-fold, respectively, weaker affinity for BN receptors.
(16) Enzymatic lability does not, however, play as important a role as lipophilicity in the corneal and conjunctival penetration of cycloalkyl and aryl ester prodrugs.
(17) To determine whether the triadimefon-induced hyperactivity is due to an action on CNS catecholaminergic systems, we evaluated the effects of combined treatment of triadimefon with either the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor d,l-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl (alpha MPT) or the amine depletor reserpine.
(18) Growth of C. albicans in the presence of AGE affected the yeast lipid in a number of ways: the total lipid content was decreased; garlic-grown yeasts had a higher level of phosphatidylserines and a lower level of phosphatidylcholines; in addition to free sterols and sterol esters, C. albicans accumulated esterified steryl glycosides; the concentration of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) increased and that of linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) decreased.
(19) In comparison with native counterparts, the in vitro-formed LDL2 and HDL + VHDL were characterized by lower levels of triglyceride and cholesterol ester and higher levels of free cholesterol and lipid phosphorus.
(20) Several histidine derivatives are not susceptible to the enzyme but do inhibit the enzyme activity competitively; the most effective inhibitors are L-histidine methyl ester (Ki = 3.66 mM) and beta-imidazole lactic acid (Ki = 3.84 mM).
Nitrite
Definition:
(n.) A salt of nitrous acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Amplitude of the musical vibrations decreased by inhalation of amyl nitrite, but increased by infusion of methoxamine.
(2) Optical difference spectroscopy was used to investigate the kinetics of product formation during the reaction of the respiratory chain with nitrite.
(3) Total bacterial counts, nitrate-reducing bacteria and nitrite concentration were determined in fasting gastric juice before and after 4 weeks of treatment with a strong or with a mild antacid drug, a placebo preparation and the spasmolytic agent papaverine which is known to inhibit gastric evacuation.
(4) This would explain why the presence of ammonium sulphate appreciably offsets the effects of decreasing pH and also the exponential relationship between rate of nitrite loss and ammonium sulphate concentration.
(5) For comparison we investigated several structural analogues with respect to their nitric oxide or nitrite ion releasing potency.
(6) Our observation leads to the suggestion that, in vivo, either rhodanese is maintained in its more stable sulfur-substituted form or cellular compartmentalization prevents inactivation by nitrite.
(7) Sodium nitrite, a substance with unknown promoting activity, effectively uncoupled cells.
(8) The tricyclic psychotropic drug opipramol (Insidon) reacts in vitro with sodium nitrite in acidic solution to form products including mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100.
(9) This indicates the loss of both assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction but only dissimilatory nitrite reduction in the mutants selected with chlorate.
(10) It was demonstrated that nitrite ions may be produced in metronidazole solutions at the time of preparation or during storage by the effects of temperature and light.
(11) Whole-chain formate-nitrate reductase activity, assayed with formate as the electron donor and measuring the amount of nitrite produced, was restored to wild-type levels in the mutants by addition of 10(-4)m molybdate to the growth medium.
(12) The aim of this study was to follow the changes in the levels of nitrates and nitrites throughout the process of fermentation of sauerkraut from white and red cabbage and red beets.
(13) A decrease of nitrite concentration was only seen after adding a small volume acid of high concentration.
(14) In postnatal experiments with methylurea and nitrite, there were induced mostly neurogenic tumours and reticulum cell sarcomas of the paracoecal region.
(15) Exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha caused a modest (2x) increase in nitrite production.
(16) Yet, when temperature of incubation, soil pH, soil moisture content and nitrite concentration were varied in the three soils, and with addition of nitrite reductase inhibitors, it appeared in one soil that NO production was partially a biological process.
(17) Neither assimilatory nor dissimilatory nitrate or nitrite reductase activities were detectable in aerobic cultures.
(18) Sixteen patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and three healthy volunteers were treated with a combination of a long-acting nitrite and a beta-receptor blocking agent.
(19) Synthetic N-OH-PhIP was prepared by catalytic reduction of the nitro derivative of PhIP, which was synthesized from PhIP by diazotization and reaction with sodium nitrite.
(20) The bacterial nitrite synthesis in gastric juice from porcine stomach mucin and the decrease of nitrite after adding acid, which has often been described in literature-results of an examination with a standardizable biomodel.