(n.) An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
(2) Preincubation of human neutrophils with recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha has previously been shown by us to enhance superoxide production of neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate.
(3) Tumor promoting phorbol esters (1-1000 nM) could also inhibit PGE2 stimulated cAMP production dose dependently.
(4) These products were identified to be epimers of 5,12(S)-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester (5,12(S)-diHETE-Me) and epimers of 11,12-diHETE-Me.
(5) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
(6) The immunodetectable PKC level in hypothyroid liver was elevated 7.7-fold, whereas the phorbol-ester binding capacity and the immunodetectable alpha-PKC level were increased 2.4- and 2.6-fold, respectively.
(7) The presence of a previously unreported dipeptide transport mechanism within blood leukocytes and the selective enrichment of the granule enzyme, DPPI, within cytotoxic effector cells of lymphoid or myeloid lineage appear to afford a unique mechanism for the targeting of immunotherapeutic reagents composed of simple dipeptide esters or amides.
(8) Incubation of membrane with DL-Hcys alone (5 X 10(-5) M), the combination of both Ad (5 X 10(-5)) and DL-Hcys (5 X 10(-5)), or S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) (1 X 10(-6)) strongly decreased the methyl ester formation.
(9) To this purpose, the formation of DHT has been measured in rat glial cell cultures after different time of exposure to TPA, 4 alpha-Ph, an active and an inactive phorbol ester respectively, and 8-Br-cAMP.
(10) Insulin incubation of plasma membranes pretreated with protease inhibitors (leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride) or with exogenous trypsin, but not chymotrypsin substrates (esters of arginine and tyrosine) yields an inactive supernatant on PDH.
(11) Lymphocyte stimulation by phorbol ester for a short time induces c-fos and c-myc expression, but has no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation.
(12) The cryptoxanthin esters varied from 5 to 10% of the total carotenoids in Valencia orange juice concentrates and from 10 to 15% of the total carotenoids in Navel orange juice concentrates.
(13) Early in the regression process, cholesterol esters are reduced at least partly by hydrolysis to yield cholesterol, some of which may crystallize and inhibit rapid regression.
(14) The kinetics of the luminescent signal with the different luciferin esters varied significantly, indicating possible differences in the rates of uptake, breakdown and enzyme inhibition.
(15) In comparison to rat pancreas, [D-Phe6]BN-(6-13)ethyl ester, Ac-GRP-(20-26)ethyl ester, [D-Phe6,Cpa14, psi 13-14]BN-(6-14), [Leu14, psi 13-14]BN, and [Leu14, psi 9,10]BN had a 10,000-, 2,940-, 1,425-, 122-, and 4-fold, respectively, weaker affinity for BN receptors.
(16) Enzymatic lability does not, however, play as important a role as lipophilicity in the corneal and conjunctival penetration of cycloalkyl and aryl ester prodrugs.
(17) To determine whether the triadimefon-induced hyperactivity is due to an action on CNS catecholaminergic systems, we evaluated the effects of combined treatment of triadimefon with either the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor d,l-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl (alpha MPT) or the amine depletor reserpine.
(18) Growth of C. albicans in the presence of AGE affected the yeast lipid in a number of ways: the total lipid content was decreased; garlic-grown yeasts had a higher level of phosphatidylserines and a lower level of phosphatidylcholines; in addition to free sterols and sterol esters, C. albicans accumulated esterified steryl glycosides; the concentration of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) increased and that of linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) decreased.
(19) In comparison with native counterparts, the in vitro-formed LDL2 and HDL + VHDL were characterized by lower levels of triglyceride and cholesterol ester and higher levels of free cholesterol and lipid phosphorus.
(20) Several histidine derivatives are not susceptible to the enzyme but do inhibit the enzyme activity competitively; the most effective inhibitors are L-histidine methyl ester (Ki = 3.66 mM) and beta-imidazole lactic acid (Ki = 3.84 mM).
Palmate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate.
(a.) Alt. of Palmated
Example Sentences:
(1) Palmatic acid uptake and oxygen consumption were significantly reduced (P less than 0.02) in adrenalectomized hearts.
(2) It is important to establish a diagnosis of subglottic stenosis associated with a palmation, since treatment and prognosis are very different from those of an isolated glottic palmation: all attempts at endoscopic treatment resulted in failure that intubation or tracheotomy was necessary in 7 cases.
(3) Morphologically, ginseng is a perennial herb with fleshy root, a single annual stem bearing a whorl of palmately compound leaves, and a terminal simple umbel of small 5-merous flowers.
(4) Both fascicular pinning as described by Appril and palmate pinning are inconvenient in that the pins can perforate the articular cartilage of the humeral head and provoke premature unpinning because of insufficient fixing in an osteoporotic bone.
(5) The 4-chlorobenzoate:coenzyme A ligase was found to be a homodimer (57-kDa subunit size), to require Mg2+ (Co2+ and Mn2+ are also activators) for activity, and to turn over MgATP (Km = 100 microM), coenzyme A (Km = 80 microM), and 4-chlorobenzoate (Km = 9 microM) at a rate of 30 s-1 at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C. Benzoate, 4-bromobenzoate, 4-iodobenzoate, and 4-methylbenzoate were shown to be alternate substrates while 4-hydroxybenzoate, 4-aminobenzoate, 2-aminobenzoate, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, 4-coumarate, palmate, laurate, caproate, butyrate, and phenylacetate were not substrate active.
(6) Some sprouts form very large, palmate growth cones on the marginal surface, which in turn give rise to many branches that continue to grow either rostrally or caudally along the surface of the brain.
(7) Consistent and significant shifts from myristic and palmatic acids (in red marrow) to their respective monounsaturated derivatives myristoleic and palmitoleic acids (in yellow marrow) were found.
(8) Differences concern: i, substitution of phosphoryl groups by 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranose and phosphorylethanolamine in S. typhimurium with Col Ib plasmids; ii, the degree of acylation of hydroxyl groups of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid by myristic, lauric and palmatic acids; iii, presence of tridecanoic acid bound to hydroxyl of 3-hydroxy-tetradecanate residue in S. typhimurium with Col Ibdrd2 plasmid.
(9) The Golgi technique was used to study the morphology of spinal motoneurons at various stages in the early development of swimming behaviour in embryos and larvae of the palmate newt, Triturus helveticus ((Razoumowsky).
(10) Analysis of fatty acids in the triglycerides showed that almost all of the decanoate and the palmate were incorporated as intact molecules, while acetate yielded acids of varying chain lengths.
(11) We’re going to have to use every tool we can to repair the relationship we have.” Others, such as Pamela Palmater, who heads the centre for indigenous governance at Toronto’s Ryerson University, demand more.
(12) But we’re missing the biggest portion of the apology and it’s from the people who actually orchestrated it, which were representatives of the British crown.” Palmater’s call for an apology was the focus of a keynote address at the British Library in April to a gathering of British academics studying Canada.
(13) The Private Cannabis Club, with its palmate green leaves stencilled on the walls and the club's name etched on to smoked windowpanes, is at the vanguard of a new movement of pro-cannabis campaigners in Spain .