What's the difference between ester and phosphite?

Ester


Definition:

  • (n.) An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
  • (2) Preincubation of human neutrophils with recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha has previously been shown by us to enhance superoxide production of neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate.
  • (3) Tumor promoting phorbol esters (1-1000 nM) could also inhibit PGE2 stimulated cAMP production dose dependently.
  • (4) These products were identified to be epimers of 5,12(S)-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester (5,12(S)-diHETE-Me) and epimers of 11,12-diHETE-Me.
  • (5) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
  • (6) The immunodetectable PKC level in hypothyroid liver was elevated 7.7-fold, whereas the phorbol-ester binding capacity and the immunodetectable alpha-PKC level were increased 2.4- and 2.6-fold, respectively.
  • (7) The presence of a previously unreported dipeptide transport mechanism within blood leukocytes and the selective enrichment of the granule enzyme, DPPI, within cytotoxic effector cells of lymphoid or myeloid lineage appear to afford a unique mechanism for the targeting of immunotherapeutic reagents composed of simple dipeptide esters or amides.
  • (8) Incubation of membrane with DL-Hcys alone (5 X 10(-5) M), the combination of both Ad (5 X 10(-5)) and DL-Hcys (5 X 10(-5)), or S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) (1 X 10(-6)) strongly decreased the methyl ester formation.
  • (9) To this purpose, the formation of DHT has been measured in rat glial cell cultures after different time of exposure to TPA, 4 alpha-Ph, an active and an inactive phorbol ester respectively, and 8-Br-cAMP.
  • (10) Insulin incubation of plasma membranes pretreated with protease inhibitors (leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride) or with exogenous trypsin, but not chymotrypsin substrates (esters of arginine and tyrosine) yields an inactive supernatant on PDH.
  • (11) Lymphocyte stimulation by phorbol ester for a short time induces c-fos and c-myc expression, but has no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation.
  • (12) The cryptoxanthin esters varied from 5 to 10% of the total carotenoids in Valencia orange juice concentrates and from 10 to 15% of the total carotenoids in Navel orange juice concentrates.
  • (13) Early in the regression process, cholesterol esters are reduced at least partly by hydrolysis to yield cholesterol, some of which may crystallize and inhibit rapid regression.
  • (14) The kinetics of the luminescent signal with the different luciferin esters varied significantly, indicating possible differences in the rates of uptake, breakdown and enzyme inhibition.
  • (15) In comparison to rat pancreas, [D-Phe6]BN-(6-13)ethyl ester, Ac-GRP-(20-26)ethyl ester, [D-Phe6,Cpa14, psi 13-14]BN-(6-14), [Leu14, psi 13-14]BN, and [Leu14, psi 9,10]BN had a 10,000-, 2,940-, 1,425-, 122-, and 4-fold, respectively, weaker affinity for BN receptors.
  • (16) Enzymatic lability does not, however, play as important a role as lipophilicity in the corneal and conjunctival penetration of cycloalkyl and aryl ester prodrugs.
  • (17) To determine whether the triadimefon-induced hyperactivity is due to an action on CNS catecholaminergic systems, we evaluated the effects of combined treatment of triadimefon with either the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor d,l-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl (alpha MPT) or the amine depletor reserpine.
  • (18) Growth of C. albicans in the presence of AGE affected the yeast lipid in a number of ways: the total lipid content was decreased; garlic-grown yeasts had a higher level of phosphatidylserines and a lower level of phosphatidylcholines; in addition to free sterols and sterol esters, C. albicans accumulated esterified steryl glycosides; the concentration of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) increased and that of linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) decreased.
  • (19) In comparison with native counterparts, the in vitro-formed LDL2 and HDL + VHDL were characterized by lower levels of triglyceride and cholesterol ester and higher levels of free cholesterol and lipid phosphorus.
  • (20) Several histidine derivatives are not susceptible to the enzyme but do inhibit the enzyme activity competitively; the most effective inhibitors are L-histidine methyl ester (Ki = 3.66 mM) and beta-imidazole lactic acid (Ki = 3.84 mM).

Phosphite


Definition:

  • (n.) A salt of phosphorous acid.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The incorporation of phosphine and phosphite ligands is described.
  • (2) In connection with this study, deoxyribonucleoside-3' dimethyl phosphites were synthesized and detailed properties of them are also described.
  • (3) The passive net transport of Li+ and Na+ across the human red cell membrane was accelerated by the divalent anions carbonate, sulphite, oxalate, phosphite and malonate.
  • (4) A period of adaptation was required prior to growth on phosphite when phosphate-grown cells were transferred to a medium containing a limiting amount of phosphate and excess phosphite.
  • (5) No phosphite-oxidizing activity could be detected in whole cells or cell-free extracts of phosphate-grown cells.
  • (6) The pH maxima observed for the phosphate analogs indicate a pK for this site of 5.5 at 37 degrees C. Intracellular pH changes associated with influx indicated that transport of the "fast" anion phosphite is largely in monoionized form.
  • (7) Adaptation to hypophosphite, however, led simultaneously to phosphite adaptation, so that these cells can utilize both P-compounds as a substitute for phosphate.
  • (8) The data show that detritylation and oxidation are side reactions which occur during the synthesis of monomeric units used in the construction of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by the phosphite triester method.
  • (9) It was shown that all 5'-phosphites effectively inhibit the production of viral antigens and protect cells from the cytotoxic effect of HIV infection.
  • (10) 2-(2-Pyridyl)ethyl group is a new type P-O protecting group for the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by the phosphite triester method.
  • (11) Trimethyl and triethyl phosphites have general toxic effects.
  • (12) The naturally occurring DNA-nucleopeptide H-Asp-Ser[5'-pAAAGTAAGCC-3']-Glu-OH was prepared via a solid-phase phosphite triester approach using N-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)benzoyl protected nucleosides.
  • (13) A gene coding for human stefin B was synthesized by the solid-phase phosphite method and cloned in the pUC8 cloning vector.
  • (14) Assays for phosphite removal by dilution or dialysis do not reverse the inhibition.
  • (15) The observed adaptation pattern, reflected by the alterations of phosphatase activity, was qualitatively equal with PO3-3 and PO3-2, but quantitatively different, because the response to hypophosphite gave much higher values than the increase obtained with phosphite.
  • (16) Data on the decreased toxicity of the phosphite mixture are explained from the viewpoint of a decreased pool disbalance of natural 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates in cells; a significant pool disbalance is developed in the case of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine action.
  • (17) Phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase inactivation by phosphite ion appears to be inconsistent with the concept of a Schiff base intermediate as proposed for Bacillus cereus enzyme.
  • (18) Reaction of 18 or 19 with triethyl phosphite gave, after deprotection, 6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-D-erythro-2,4-dihydroxyhexyl-phosphonic acid (5), and reaction of 19 with potassium cyanide gave, after subsequent hydrolysis and deprotection, 7-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-D-erythro-3-hydroxy-5-heptanolide (3).
  • (19) Triphenyl phosphite (TPP)-induced delayed neurotoxicity, which is thought to resemble but somewhat differ from classical organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), is known to be age-dependent.
  • (20) Previous studies in mammals have found that exposure to triphenyl phosphite results in cellular and axonal degeneration in the spinal cord and medulla.

Words possibly related to "phosphite"