What's the difference between ester and propiolate?
Ester
Definition:
(n.) An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
(2) Preincubation of human neutrophils with recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha has previously been shown by us to enhance superoxide production of neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate.
(3) Tumor promoting phorbol esters (1-1000 nM) could also inhibit PGE2 stimulated cAMP production dose dependently.
(4) These products were identified to be epimers of 5,12(S)-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester (5,12(S)-diHETE-Me) and epimers of 11,12-diHETE-Me.
(5) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
(6) The immunodetectable PKC level in hypothyroid liver was elevated 7.7-fold, whereas the phorbol-ester binding capacity and the immunodetectable alpha-PKC level were increased 2.4- and 2.6-fold, respectively.
(7) The presence of a previously unreported dipeptide transport mechanism within blood leukocytes and the selective enrichment of the granule enzyme, DPPI, within cytotoxic effector cells of lymphoid or myeloid lineage appear to afford a unique mechanism for the targeting of immunotherapeutic reagents composed of simple dipeptide esters or amides.
(8) Incubation of membrane with DL-Hcys alone (5 X 10(-5) M), the combination of both Ad (5 X 10(-5)) and DL-Hcys (5 X 10(-5)), or S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) (1 X 10(-6)) strongly decreased the methyl ester formation.
(9) To this purpose, the formation of DHT has been measured in rat glial cell cultures after different time of exposure to TPA, 4 alpha-Ph, an active and an inactive phorbol ester respectively, and 8-Br-cAMP.
(10) Insulin incubation of plasma membranes pretreated with protease inhibitors (leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride) or with exogenous trypsin, but not chymotrypsin substrates (esters of arginine and tyrosine) yields an inactive supernatant on PDH.
(11) Lymphocyte stimulation by phorbol ester for a short time induces c-fos and c-myc expression, but has no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation.
(12) The cryptoxanthin esters varied from 5 to 10% of the total carotenoids in Valencia orange juice concentrates and from 10 to 15% of the total carotenoids in Navel orange juice concentrates.
(13) Early in the regression process, cholesterol esters are reduced at least partly by hydrolysis to yield cholesterol, some of which may crystallize and inhibit rapid regression.
(14) The kinetics of the luminescent signal with the different luciferin esters varied significantly, indicating possible differences in the rates of uptake, breakdown and enzyme inhibition.
(15) In comparison to rat pancreas, [D-Phe6]BN-(6-13)ethyl ester, Ac-GRP-(20-26)ethyl ester, [D-Phe6,Cpa14, psi 13-14]BN-(6-14), [Leu14, psi 13-14]BN, and [Leu14, psi 9,10]BN had a 10,000-, 2,940-, 1,425-, 122-, and 4-fold, respectively, weaker affinity for BN receptors.
(16) Enzymatic lability does not, however, play as important a role as lipophilicity in the corneal and conjunctival penetration of cycloalkyl and aryl ester prodrugs.
(17) To determine whether the triadimefon-induced hyperactivity is due to an action on CNS catecholaminergic systems, we evaluated the effects of combined treatment of triadimefon with either the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor d,l-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl (alpha MPT) or the amine depletor reserpine.
(18) Growth of C. albicans in the presence of AGE affected the yeast lipid in a number of ways: the total lipid content was decreased; garlic-grown yeasts had a higher level of phosphatidylserines and a lower level of phosphatidylcholines; in addition to free sterols and sterol esters, C. albicans accumulated esterified steryl glycosides; the concentration of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) increased and that of linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) decreased.
(19) In comparison with native counterparts, the in vitro-formed LDL2 and HDL + VHDL were characterized by lower levels of triglyceride and cholesterol ester and higher levels of free cholesterol and lipid phosphorus.
(20) Several histidine derivatives are not susceptible to the enzyme but do inhibit the enzyme activity competitively; the most effective inhibitors are L-histidine methyl ester (Ki = 3.66 mM) and beta-imidazole lactic acid (Ki = 3.84 mM).
Propiolate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of propiolic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) The non-irritant skin mitogens 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ethyl phenyl propiolate do not increase the expression of these genes to a comparable extent.
(2) D-Fructose affords on treatment with cyanamide 2-amino-beta-D-fructofuro[2',3':3,4]-oxazoline which is not isolated but transformed directly by the reaction with ethyl propiolate into O(2,3)-anhydro-2-[beta-D-fructofuranosyl]uracil.
(3) These compounds were prepared by reacting arylamidines with sodium ethyl formylacetate or with ethyl propiolate to give pyrimidinones.
(4) The setting of mixed catalyst and base was prevented by addition of a small amount of phenyl propiolic acid.
(5) Whereas the reaction of the two cyclic amidrazones with acetylacetone or ethyl phenyl propiolate gave pyrazole derivatives, their reaction with ethyl acetoacetate gave 6-aryl-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines.
(6) Glutaconic esters used in this procedure were prepared by condensation of ethyl propiolate with the appropriate 2-naphthylaminomalonate ethyl ester in the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium ethylate.
(7) The reaction of 1 with alkenes such as methyl vinyl ketone and methyl acrylate afforded 3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-enes (2-5) and para-substituted benzene derivatives (6 and 7), while 1 reacted with alkynes (3-butyn-2-one, methyl propiolate) to yield para- or meta-substituted benzene derivatives (6-9).
(8) A maximum concentration of approximately 12% of total product was observed by treating cis-7 with ethyl propiolate and NaH or deuteriated dimsyl anion in anhydrous Me2SO-d6.
(9) The non-tumor-promoting hyperplastic agent, ethylphenyl propiolate (EPP), applied to the skin at a hyperplastic dose level did not enhance the expression of the mal 4 or transin sequences in the epidermis and had only a slight enhancing effect on the levels of mal 1 and mal 2 transcripts in the epidermis.
(10) Two new sulfur-containing amides, entadamide A (1) and entadamide B (2), isolated from the seeds of Entada phaseoloides, were synthesized by the addition reaction of methanethiol to propiolic acid (5) followed by condensation with ethanolamine by the use of dicyclohexylcarbadiimide.
(11) 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranosyl bromide (17) has been converted into methyl 3-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) propiolate (8) and its alpha anomer 10 in 21 and 42% yields, respectively, by reaction with the silver salt of methyl propiolate.
(12) Three aromatic compounds (2-4) possessing a carbomethoxyl group or a dimethoxyphthaloyl group, prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of the cardiac glycoside, proscillaridin (1), with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and methyl propiolate, were transformed into alcohols, carboxylic acids and amides.
(13) The addition of phenyl propiolic acid had little or no effect on the viscosity of three materials.
(14) Short chain carboxylic acids were found to be active including: propionic, acrylic, fluoroacetic, methacrylic, 3-chloropropionic, 3-bromopropionic, and propiolic.
(15) A preparatively useful synthesis of 1-formylcyclooctatetraene is described utilizing the photocycloaddition of methyl propiolate to benzene followed by reduction to the alcohol and oxidation with MnO2.
(16) After a cavity cleaning by propiol acid of 1.22% during 10 seconds better marginal closure could be obtained than by using industrial cavity cleanser (Ahydron).