What's the difference between estuary and outfall?

Estuary


Definition:

  • (n.) A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth.
  • (n.) A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith.
  • (a.) Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) As a result, low-lying areas, including Bangladesh, Florida, the Maldives and the Netherlands, will undergo catastrophic flooding, while in Britain large areas of the Norfolk Broads and the Thames estuary could disappear.
  • (2) The gradient of increasing copper and zinc concentrations with increasing distance upstream from the mouth of the estuary reported in 1975 could not be statistically validated.
  • (3) However, other unidentified factors appear to influence its presence in certain areas of the estuary.
  • (4) The avian blood fluke, Austrobilharzia terrigalensis (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae), is recorded in Western Australia for the first time, and is implicated as the cause of dermatitis among users of the Swan estuary in Perth.
  • (5) When Matt Slater went swimming with his dog Mango in a Cornish estuary this month, he bumped into a barrel jellyfish.
  • (6) These hosts were examined from twelve different salt marshes and estuaries around the coasts of France (seven on the Channel, three on the Atlantic Ocean and two on the Mediterranean sea).
  • (7) From tackling harmful chemicals that damage the ozone layer to cracking down on the black-market ivory trade, the UK has a strong track record in driving up environmental standards across Europe.” Environmentalists said they feared a developmental free-for-all on sites shielded by the EU’s Natura 2000 scheme, including Snowdonia, the Lake District, the Thames estuary, the North Yorkshire Moors, Scotland’s Flow Country and Dartmoor.
  • (8) Colloidal organic matter in natural water systems (lakes, rivers, estuaries and the oceans, as well as groundwater) may serve as substrates for the sorption or binding of organic contaminants.
  • (9) Then last year, Shell pulled out of what would be the world's largest offshore wind farm in the Thames estuary.
  • (10) Another of the reports said Heathrow airport would have to close if the estuary scheme went ahead and that Heathrow's owners would have to be paid compensation of between £13.5bn and £21.5bn.
  • (11) The MCS has warned, however, that fragile coastal habitats such as estuaries, saltmarsh and bird sanctuaries are excluded from any proposed new routes.
  • (12) The relative importance of migrating eels and suspended particulate material (biotic and abiotic) as transporters of mirex from Lake Ontario to the St. Lawrence River Estuary is evaluated in the context of a possible adverse impact on the St. Lawrence beluga population.
  • (13) In 2010, the government rejected a previous proposal for a barrage across the Severn estuary , reiterating plans at the same time to push ahead with Europe's most ambitious fleet of new nuclear reactors .
  • (14) The presence of so many seals is good news for the Thames Estuary, which was declared biologically dead in the 1950s as a result of heavy pollution, but has since largely recovered.
  • (15) The London Array will be built in the outer Thames estuary, 12 miles off the Kent and Essex coasts, and when finished will have 271 turbines across a 90 square mile site.
  • (16) mare and foal left out in todays high tide on loughour estuary The ponies are left unattended during all weather on the loughour estuary, during high tides the foals quite often die.
  • (17) At electoral ward level regression analyses were suggestive of links between AML and higher social class and living close to estuaries.
  • (18) More than a half million pounds of DDT were applied to control mosquitoes in salt marsh estuaries of Cape May County, New Jersey, from 1946 to 1966.
  • (19) The refinery was working largely as usual, with steam pouring from vents on the complex of pipes, chimneys and girders which towers over the flatlands of the Humber estuary's south shore.
  • (20) A small risk of flooding remains in the lower reaches of several slow-moving, major rivers where water from upstream will not finish moving down to estuaries until late on Thursday.

Outfall


Definition:

  • (n.) The mouth of a river; the lower end of a water course; the open end of a drain, culvert, etc., where the discharge occurs.
  • (n.) A quarrel; a falling out.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Neither the stock cultures nor the aquatic strains were capable of growth in autoclaved river water taken above the sewage outfall at the three temperatures tested.
  • (2) Although the efficiency of the method was influenced by the composition and source of the sediments it was used successfully to detect viruses occurring in marine and freshwater sediments near sewer outfalls.
  • (3) Generally speaking, fluoridated water loss during use, dilution of sewage by rain and ground water infiltrate, fluoride removal during secondary sewage treatment, and diffusion dynamics at effluent outfall combine to eliminate fluoridation-related environmental effects.
  • (4) This study provides data for total and non-residual vanadium distributions in the northern Saronikos Gulf and shows that close to the Athens sewage outfall (ASO), the combined domestic and industrial wastes have resulted in a considerable increase in concentrations of vanadium in sediments and suspended solids.
  • (5) Animals near the Los Angeles County sewer outfall contain over 45 times as much tDDT as animals near major agricultural drainage areas.
  • (6) All bacterial indices, except for V. parahaemolyticus, declined significantly with distance from the outfall.
  • (7) Close proximity to sewage outfall was shown to result in significant decreases in AEC values within 24 hr.
  • (8) Sewage effluent and outfall confluence samples were collected at the Barceloneta Regional Treatment Plant in Barceloneta, Puerto Rico; outfall confluence samples at Ocean City, Md., were also collected.
  • (9) The presence of long-chain alkylbenzenes in sediment trap particulates and marine sediments collected near a major waste outfall system in southern California indicates that these hydrocarbons can survive exposure to an oxygenated water column during sedimentation.
  • (10) Vast amounts of these end up in the sea, through inadequate waste disposal systems and sewage outfall.
  • (11) Four new methane-oxidizing bacteria have been isolated from marine samples taken at the Hyperion sewage outfall, near Los Angeles, CA.
  • (12) Polluted water samples collected from the River Tigris in the vicinity of a raw sewage outfall were examined for the incidence of antibiotic resistance among coliform bacteria on three occasions during 1983.
  • (13) Below the outfall of one of the plants that discharges heavily chlorinated unnitrified effluent, NH4+-oxidizers amounted to approximately 200 X 10(5) per g of slime scraped from stream-bed rocks.
  • (14) Human enteric viruses in urban wastewater often flow into the marine environment through outfall sewers which can cause pollution of adjacent beaches used for bathing and of areas where fish and seafood grow and are harvested for human consumption.
  • (15) The Manus islanders have a strong tradition of fishing and a dependency on this resource … This is an area of highly diverse reefs that are seriously threatened from dynamite fishing and by phosphate mining on seabird islands as well as sewage outfalls.” [243] It goes on to note that it was a “high-level risk” that wastewater from the site would be released into the marine environment.
  • (16) The contamination of the river resulted from an incorrect sewage connexion with a surface water drain outfall into the river.
  • (17) No differences in growth, measured as wet weight gain, were observed between upstream control (UP) and experimental fish located 9 km downstream from the outfall (Down 4).
  • (18) In this study the seedling of a variety of plants were successfully grown hydroponically on raw wastewater obtained from one of the main sewer outfalls in Beirut.
  • (19) No viruses were detected near the outfall nor in the bathing area.
  • (20) Virological examination of water of the Baltic Sea in the neighbourhood of a sewage outfall was done.