(1) The proposed assay should be useful for in vitro metabolic studies of 1,2-dihaloethanes and mustards and has potential application for similar studies of monohalogenated ethanes, ethanols, and ethenes.
(2) A total of nine chlorinated ethanes and ethenes were circulated over lithium hydroxide in a laboratory scale closed system simulator.
(3) The level of adducts from ethene, determined as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine, was also higher in mice from diet S than in animals fed diet C, when all treatment groups were considered.
(4) About equimolar concentrations of bleomycin and FeCl3 resulted in optimal ethene formation.
(5) Halogenated ethenes are oxidatively metabolized by cytochrome P-450 to intermediates which inactivate cytochrome P-450 by destroying heme and to epoxides which may react with cellular macromolecules or decompose to other products.
(6) Previous mixed-culture studies have demonstrated that complete dechlorination to ethene is possible, although the final dechlorination step from vinyl chloride to ethene is rate limiting, with significant levels of vinyl chloride typically persisting.
(7) The results demonstrate a raised level of hydroxyethylation of N-terminal valine of Hb of smokers that is quantitatively compatible with ethene in the smoke being the source.
(8) Lipid peroxidation and metabolism of intestinal bacteria, giving rise to ethene, precursor of ethylene oxide, are thus indicated to be sources of observed background hydroxyethylations.
(9) The bioconversions with the three most promising ethene-utilizers (M26, M90C, M93A) were scaled-up to yield essentially optically pure (enantiomeric excess = 93%) S-(+)-phenyl glycidyl ether.
(10) This figure is compatible with a metabolic conversion of 3% (1-10%) of the inhaled ethene to ethylene oxide.
(11) KMBA was converted to ethene by dithranol under aerobic conditions, whereas ethene formation was negligible in the absence of oxygen.
(12) Ethene formation depended on oxygen, NADPH, FeCl3 and the enzyme.
(13) The limitations of Fluosol DA led to fluorocarbons under investigation such as F dimethyl bicyclononanes, F methyladamantane, bis (F-butyl) ethene or F-octylbromide.
(14) Eighteen newly isolated ethene- and propene-utilizing bacteria were screened for the ability to produce phenyl glycidyl ether, a common precursor for the synthesis of beta blockers, from phenyl allyl ether.
(15) O2- - and .OH-scavengers such as rutin, catechin, dimethyl sulfoxide, mannitol, ethanol, sodium salicylate and propyl gallate as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase inhibited ethene formation.
(16) Because the singlet oxygen (1O2) sensitizer, rose bengale, showed enlarged production of ethene when irradiated in the presence of KMBA, experiments were performed in the dark in order to avoid 1O2 production by dithranol.
(17) Efforts to measure adducts originating from ethene in environmental tobacco smoke and urban air show, however, that the resolving power of the methods used for identifying unknown risk factors must be increased.
(18) The detection limit was one pmol ethene or ethane per five mL air sample; the within-run precision (CV) of analysis was 2.1 percent at an ethane concentration of 16 pmol per five mL sample.
(19) For unknown reasons, uninduced mice varied strongly in the extent to which they converted ethene to epoxide.
(20) A sixth chlorinated ethene, tetrachloroethylene, was not degraded by the methane-utilizing culture under these conditions.
Ethylene
Definition:
(n.) A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), -- hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen.
Example Sentences:
(1) 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol (DOPEG), a metabolite of noradrenaline (NA), was estimated in CSF of 30 patients of depression diagnosed by the criteria of American Psychiatric Association in DSM-III; and compared with levels in 10 non-depressed individuals who served as controls.
(2) Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ by EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid] attenuated both [Ca2+]i increase and superoxide production induced by particles.
(3) Orotic acid inhibited, dose-dependently DNA synthesis in hepatocytes induced by epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha, hepatocyte growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, or plasma from rats exposed to various liver cell-proliferative stimuli, such as two-thirds partial hepatectomy, lead nitrate, cyproterone acetate, ethylene dibromide, or a diet deficient in choline.
(4) 1-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3- nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) causes chloroethylation of DNA strand followed by cross linking through an ethylene bridge.
(5) Chlorinated ethylenes are metabolized in mammals, as a first step, to epoxides.
(6) Therefore, an experimental study was undertaken to assess the suitability of an expanded PTFE (Polytetrafluoro-ethylene) as a microvascular graft.
(7) Solid-phase adsorbents were compared in their trapping efficiencies for dichloromethane (DCM), ethylene dibromide (EDB), 4-nitroblphenyl (4-NB), 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), and fluoranthene (FI).
(8) Therapeutic application of drugs containing propylene glycol 1.2 as a solvent may distort the results of forensic chemical detection of ethylene glycol from its oxidation products.
(9) It was found that the stress at a given strain was increased by treatment with ethylene oxide, buffered formalin, and tissue culture solution and decreased by treatment with antibiotics.
(10) Practical examples illustrate the possibility of ethylene glycol determination by gas chromatography in the presence of propylene glycol.
(11) Enzymes that pelleted more in myogen preparations than as individual purified enzymes in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) and the absence of F-actin were tested for specific enzyme-enzyme associations, several of which were observed.
(12) Subacute (10-day) and subchronic (90-day) toxicity studies of ethylene glycol (EG) were conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to provide the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Drinking Water with toxicity data for final preparation of a Health Advisory for the chemical.
(13) Two-phase systems consisting of water, dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) have been used for partition of membranes obtained from Torpedo marmorata electric organ.
(14) Rats have been exposed in a closed system to the chlorinated ethylenes vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene and to carbon tetrachloride as a reference compound.
(15) For two chemicals, dichlorobenzidine and ethylene thiourea, there is not enough epidemiological information to make a useful comparison with rodent bioassay data.
(16) We examined the effect of ethylene glycol (EG) concentration, in water, on O2 sensitivity, stirring effect, in vitro drift, in vitro response time, behaviour on the skin of newborn infants and in vivo response time.
(17) As a prerequisite for preparing bispecific antibody conjugates containing anti-tumor and anti-metal chelate binding sites that can be used for pretargeted immunoscintigraphy, monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) have been raised against an octahedral metal chelate synthetized from gallium (Ga) and the hexadentate ligand N,N'bis[2-hydroxy 5-(ethylene beta carboxy) benzyl] ethylenediamine N,N' diacetic acid (Ga-HBED-CC).
(18) In heavily mineralized bone matrix, the periodic pattern of collagen fibrils was retained, and the electron density of mineralized matrix in freeze-substituted and unstained sections which had been floated on ethylene glycol was greater than that encountered in sections processed in aqueous reagents.
(19) Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium) and diquat (1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium) are the two most widely used bipyridylium herbicides today.
(20) Moreover, in patients dialysed using ethylene oxide sterilized equipment, anaphylactoidal reactions were observed.